Error message

Deprecated function: Use of "static" in callables is deprecated in Drupal\user\Entity\Role::postLoad() (line 172 of core/modules/user/src/Entity/Role.php).

Drupal\user\Entity\Role::postLoad(Object, Array) (Line: 423)
Drupal\Core\Entity\EntityStorageBase->postLoad(Array) (Line: 353)
Drupal\Core\Entity\EntityStorageBase->loadMultiple(Array) (Line: 16)
Drupal\user\RoleStorage->isPermissionInRoles('access site in maintenance mode', Array) (Line: 112)
Drupal\Core\Session\UserSession->hasPermission('access site in maintenance mode') (Line: 105)
Drupal\Core\Session\AccountProxy->hasPermission('access site in maintenance mode') (Line: 83)
Drupal\redirect\RedirectChecker->canRedirect(Object) (Line: 120)
Drupal\redirect\EventSubscriber\RedirectRequestSubscriber->onKernelRequestCheckRedirect(Object, 'kernel.request', Object)
call_user_func(Array, Object, 'kernel.request', Object) (Line: 142)
Drupal\Component\EventDispatcher\ContainerAwareEventDispatcher->dispatch(Object, 'kernel.request') (Line: 145)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handleRaw(Object, 1) (Line: 81)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 58)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\Session->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\KernelPreHandle->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 191)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->fetch(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 128)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->lookup(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 82)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\ReverseProxyMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 51)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\NegotiationMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 23)
Stack\StackedHttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 713)
Drupal\Core\DrupalKernel->handle(Object) (Line: 19)

Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property Drupal\views\ManyToOneHelper::$handler is deprecated in Drupal\views\ManyToOneHelper->__construct() (line 24 of core/modules/views/src/ManyToOneHelper.php).

Drupal\views\ManyToOneHelper->__construct(Object) (Line: 54)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\argument\ManyToOne->defineOptions() (Line: 141)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\PluginBase->init(Object, Object, Array) (Line: 104)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\HandlerBase->init(Object, Object, Array) (Line: 82)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\argument\ArgumentPluginBase->init(Object, Object, Array) (Line: 33)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\argument\ManyToOne->init(Object, Object, Array) (Line: 894)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\display\DisplayPluginBase->getHandlers('argument') (Line: 1045)
Drupal\views\ViewExecutable->_initHandler('argument', Array) (Line: 903)
Drupal\views\ViewExecutable->initHandlers() (Line: 2318)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\display\DisplayPluginBase->preExecute() (Line: 1697)
Drupal\views\ViewExecutable->preExecute(Array) (Line: 1632)
Drupal\views\ViewExecutable->executeDisplay('page_1', Array) (Line: 81)
Drupal\views\Element\View::preRenderViewElement(Array)
call_user_func_array(Array, Array) (Line: 101)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback(Array, Array, 'Render #pre_render callbacks must be methods of a class that implements \Drupal\Core\Security\TrustedCallbackInterface or be an anonymous function. The callback was %s. See https://www.drupal.org/node/2966725', 'exception', 'Drupal\Core\Render\Element\RenderCallbackInterface') (Line: 788)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback('#pre_render', Array, Array) (Line: 374)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array, ) (Line: 242)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\{closure}() (Line: 580)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->executeInRenderContext(Object, Object) (Line: 235)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->prepare(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 132)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->renderResponse(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 90)
Drupal\Core\EventSubscriber\MainContentViewSubscriber->onViewRenderArray(Object, 'kernel.view', Object)
call_user_func(Array, Object, 'kernel.view', Object) (Line: 142)
Drupal\Component\EventDispatcher\ContainerAwareEventDispatcher->dispatch(Object, 'kernel.view') (Line: 174)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handleRaw(Object, 1) (Line: 81)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 58)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\Session->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\KernelPreHandle->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 191)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->fetch(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 128)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->lookup(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 82)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\ReverseProxyMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 51)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\NegotiationMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 23)
Stack\StackedHttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 713)
Drupal\Core\DrupalKernel->handle(Object) (Line: 19)

Drupal\views\ManyToOneHelper->__construct(Object) (Line: 54)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\argument\ManyToOne->defineOptions() (Line: 228)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\PluginBase->unpackOptions(Array, Array) (Line: 144)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\PluginBase->init(Object, Object, Array) (Line: 104)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\HandlerBase->init(Object, Object, Array) (Line: 82)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\argument\ArgumentPluginBase->init(Object, Object, Array) (Line: 33)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\argument\ManyToOne->init(Object, Object, Array) (Line: 894)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\display\DisplayPluginBase->getHandlers('argument') (Line: 1045)
Drupal\views\ViewExecutable->_initHandler('argument', Array) (Line: 903)
Drupal\views\ViewExecutable->initHandlers() (Line: 2318)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\display\DisplayPluginBase->preExecute() (Line: 1697)
Drupal\views\ViewExecutable->preExecute(Array) (Line: 1632)
Drupal\views\ViewExecutable->executeDisplay('page_1', Array) (Line: 81)
Drupal\views\Element\View::preRenderViewElement(Array)
call_user_func_array(Array, Array) (Line: 101)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback(Array, Array, 'Render #pre_render callbacks must be methods of a class that implements \Drupal\Core\Security\TrustedCallbackInterface or be an anonymous function. The callback was %s. See https://www.drupal.org/node/2966725', 'exception', 'Drupal\Core\Render\Element\RenderCallbackInterface') (Line: 788)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback('#pre_render', Array, Array) (Line: 374)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array, ) (Line: 242)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\{closure}() (Line: 580)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->executeInRenderContext(Object, Object) (Line: 235)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->prepare(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 132)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->renderResponse(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 90)
Drupal\Core\EventSubscriber\MainContentViewSubscriber->onViewRenderArray(Object, 'kernel.view', Object)
call_user_func(Array, Object, 'kernel.view', Object) (Line: 142)
Drupal\Component\EventDispatcher\ContainerAwareEventDispatcher->dispatch(Object, 'kernel.view') (Line: 174)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handleRaw(Object, 1) (Line: 81)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 58)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\Session->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\KernelPreHandle->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 191)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->fetch(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 128)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->lookup(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 82)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\ReverseProxyMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 51)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\NegotiationMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 23)
Stack\StackedHttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 713)
Drupal\Core\DrupalKernel->handle(Object) (Line: 19)

Drupal\views\ManyToOneHelper->__construct(Object) (Line: 54)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\argument\ManyToOne->defineOptions() (Line: 228)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\PluginBase->unpackOptions(Array, Array) (Line: 110)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\HandlerBase->init(Object, Object, Array) (Line: 82)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\argument\ArgumentPluginBase->init(Object, Object, Array) (Line: 33)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\argument\ManyToOne->init(Object, Object, Array) (Line: 894)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\display\DisplayPluginBase->getHandlers('argument') (Line: 1045)
Drupal\views\ViewExecutable->_initHandler('argument', Array) (Line: 903)
Drupal\views\ViewExecutable->initHandlers() (Line: 2318)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\display\DisplayPluginBase->preExecute() (Line: 1697)
Drupal\views\ViewExecutable->preExecute(Array) (Line: 1632)
Drupal\views\ViewExecutable->executeDisplay('page_1', Array) (Line: 81)
Drupal\views\Element\View::preRenderViewElement(Array)
call_user_func_array(Array, Array) (Line: 101)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback(Array, Array, 'Render #pre_render callbacks must be methods of a class that implements \Drupal\Core\Security\TrustedCallbackInterface or be an anonymous function. The callback was %s. See https://www.drupal.org/node/2966725', 'exception', 'Drupal\Core\Render\Element\RenderCallbackInterface') (Line: 788)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback('#pre_render', Array, Array) (Line: 374)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array, ) (Line: 242)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\{closure}() (Line: 580)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->executeInRenderContext(Object, Object) (Line: 235)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->prepare(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 132)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->renderResponse(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 90)
Drupal\Core\EventSubscriber\MainContentViewSubscriber->onViewRenderArray(Object, 'kernel.view', Object)
call_user_func(Array, Object, 'kernel.view', Object) (Line: 142)
Drupal\Component\EventDispatcher\ContainerAwareEventDispatcher->dispatch(Object, 'kernel.view') (Line: 174)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handleRaw(Object, 1) (Line: 81)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 58)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\Session->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\KernelPreHandle->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 191)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->fetch(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 128)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->lookup(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 82)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\ReverseProxyMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 51)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\NegotiationMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 23)
Stack\StackedHttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 713)
Drupal\Core\DrupalKernel->handle(Object) (Line: 19)

Drupal\views\ManyToOneHelper->__construct(Object) (Line: 35)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\argument\ManyToOne->init(Object, Object, Array) (Line: 894)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\display\DisplayPluginBase->getHandlers('argument') (Line: 1045)
Drupal\views\ViewExecutable->_initHandler('argument', Array) (Line: 903)
Drupal\views\ViewExecutable->initHandlers() (Line: 2318)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\display\DisplayPluginBase->preExecute() (Line: 1697)
Drupal\views\ViewExecutable->preExecute(Array) (Line: 1632)
Drupal\views\ViewExecutable->executeDisplay('page_1', Array) (Line: 81)
Drupal\views\Element\View::preRenderViewElement(Array)
call_user_func_array(Array, Array) (Line: 101)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback(Array, Array, 'Render #pre_render callbacks must be methods of a class that implements \Drupal\Core\Security\TrustedCallbackInterface or be an anonymous function. The callback was %s. See https://www.drupal.org/node/2966725', 'exception', 'Drupal\Core\Render\Element\RenderCallbackInterface') (Line: 788)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback('#pre_render', Array, Array) (Line: 374)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array, ) (Line: 242)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\{closure}() (Line: 580)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->executeInRenderContext(Object, Object) (Line: 235)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->prepare(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 132)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->renderResponse(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 90)
Drupal\Core\EventSubscriber\MainContentViewSubscriber->onViewRenderArray(Object, 'kernel.view', Object)
call_user_func(Array, Object, 'kernel.view', Object) (Line: 142)
Drupal\Component\EventDispatcher\ContainerAwareEventDispatcher->dispatch(Object, 'kernel.view') (Line: 174)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handleRaw(Object, 1) (Line: 81)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 58)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\Session->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\KernelPreHandle->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 191)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->fetch(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 128)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->lookup(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 82)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\ReverseProxyMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 51)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\NegotiationMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 23)
Stack\StackedHttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 713)
Drupal\Core\DrupalKernel->handle(Object) (Line: 19)

Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property Drupal\mysql\Driver\Database\mysql\Select::$alterTags is deprecated in Drupal\Core\Database\Query\Select->addTag() (line 149 of core/lib/Drupal/Core/Database/Query/Select.php).

Drupal\Core\Database\Query\Select->addTag('views') (Line: 1316)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\query\Sql->query() (Line: 1454)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\query\Sql->build(Object) (Line: 1326)
Drupal\views\ViewExecutable->build() (Line: 392)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\display\PathPluginBase->execute() (Line: 196)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\display\Page->execute() (Line: 1635)
Drupal\views\ViewExecutable->executeDisplay('page_1', Array) (Line: 81)
Drupal\views\Element\View::preRenderViewElement(Array)
call_user_func_array(Array, Array) (Line: 101)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback(Array, Array, 'Render #pre_render callbacks must be methods of a class that implements \Drupal\Core\Security\TrustedCallbackInterface or be an anonymous function. The callback was %s. See https://www.drupal.org/node/2966725', 'exception', 'Drupal\Core\Render\Element\RenderCallbackInterface') (Line: 788)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback('#pre_render', Array, Array) (Line: 374)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array, ) (Line: 242)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\{closure}() (Line: 580)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->executeInRenderContext(Object, Object) (Line: 235)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->prepare(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 132)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->renderResponse(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 90)
Drupal\Core\EventSubscriber\MainContentViewSubscriber->onViewRenderArray(Object, 'kernel.view', Object)
call_user_func(Array, Object, 'kernel.view', Object) (Line: 142)
Drupal\Component\EventDispatcher\ContainerAwareEventDispatcher->dispatch(Object, 'kernel.view') (Line: 174)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handleRaw(Object, 1) (Line: 81)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 58)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\Session->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\KernelPreHandle->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 191)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->fetch(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 128)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->lookup(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 82)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\ReverseProxyMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 51)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\NegotiationMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 23)
Stack\StackedHttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 713)
Drupal\Core\DrupalKernel->handle(Object) (Line: 19)

Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property Drupal\mysql\Driver\Database\mysql\Select::$alterMetaData is deprecated in Drupal\Core\Database\Query\Select->addMetaData() (line 178 of core/lib/Drupal/Core/Database/Query/Select.php).

Drupal\Core\Database\Query\Select->addMetaData('views_substitutions', Array) (Line: 1418)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\query\Sql->query() (Line: 1454)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\query\Sql->build(Object) (Line: 1326)
Drupal\views\ViewExecutable->build() (Line: 392)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\display\PathPluginBase->execute() (Line: 196)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\display\Page->execute() (Line: 1635)
Drupal\views\ViewExecutable->executeDisplay('page_1', Array) (Line: 81)
Drupal\views\Element\View::preRenderViewElement(Array)
call_user_func_array(Array, Array) (Line: 101)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback(Array, Array, 'Render #pre_render callbacks must be methods of a class that implements \Drupal\Core\Security\TrustedCallbackInterface or be an anonymous function. The callback was %s. See https://www.drupal.org/node/2966725', 'exception', 'Drupal\Core\Render\Element\RenderCallbackInterface') (Line: 788)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback('#pre_render', Array, Array) (Line: 374)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array, ) (Line: 242)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\{closure}() (Line: 580)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->executeInRenderContext(Object, Object) (Line: 235)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->prepare(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 132)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->renderResponse(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 90)
Drupal\Core\EventSubscriber\MainContentViewSubscriber->onViewRenderArray(Object, 'kernel.view', Object)
call_user_func(Array, Object, 'kernel.view', Object) (Line: 142)
Drupal\Component\EventDispatcher\ContainerAwareEventDispatcher->dispatch(Object, 'kernel.view') (Line: 174)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handleRaw(Object, 1) (Line: 81)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 58)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\Session->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\KernelPreHandle->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 191)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->fetch(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 128)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->lookup(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 82)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\ReverseProxyMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 51)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\NegotiationMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 23)
Stack\StackedHttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 713)
Drupal\Core\DrupalKernel->handle(Object) (Line: 19)

Drupal\Core\Database\Query\Select->addTag('views') (Line: 1316)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\query\Sql->query(1) (Line: 1455)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\query\Sql->build(Object) (Line: 1326)
Drupal\views\ViewExecutable->build() (Line: 392)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\display\PathPluginBase->execute() (Line: 196)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\display\Page->execute() (Line: 1635)
Drupal\views\ViewExecutable->executeDisplay('page_1', Array) (Line: 81)
Drupal\views\Element\View::preRenderViewElement(Array)
call_user_func_array(Array, Array) (Line: 101)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback(Array, Array, 'Render #pre_render callbacks must be methods of a class that implements \Drupal\Core\Security\TrustedCallbackInterface or be an anonymous function. The callback was %s. See https://www.drupal.org/node/2966725', 'exception', 'Drupal\Core\Render\Element\RenderCallbackInterface') (Line: 788)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback('#pre_render', Array, Array) (Line: 374)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array, ) (Line: 242)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\{closure}() (Line: 580)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->executeInRenderContext(Object, Object) (Line: 235)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->prepare(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 132)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->renderResponse(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 90)
Drupal\Core\EventSubscriber\MainContentViewSubscriber->onViewRenderArray(Object, 'kernel.view', Object)
call_user_func(Array, Object, 'kernel.view', Object) (Line: 142)
Drupal\Component\EventDispatcher\ContainerAwareEventDispatcher->dispatch(Object, 'kernel.view') (Line: 174)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handleRaw(Object, 1) (Line: 81)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 58)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\Session->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\KernelPreHandle->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 191)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->fetch(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 128)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->lookup(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 82)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\ReverseProxyMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 51)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\NegotiationMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 23)
Stack\StackedHttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 713)
Drupal\Core\DrupalKernel->handle(Object) (Line: 19)

Drupal\Core\Database\Query\Select->addMetaData('views_substitutions', Array) (Line: 1418)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\query\Sql->query(1) (Line: 1455)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\query\Sql->build(Object) (Line: 1326)
Drupal\views\ViewExecutable->build() (Line: 392)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\display\PathPluginBase->execute() (Line: 196)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\display\Page->execute() (Line: 1635)
Drupal\views\ViewExecutable->executeDisplay('page_1', Array) (Line: 81)
Drupal\views\Element\View::preRenderViewElement(Array)
call_user_func_array(Array, Array) (Line: 101)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback(Array, Array, 'Render #pre_render callbacks must be methods of a class that implements \Drupal\Core\Security\TrustedCallbackInterface or be an anonymous function. The callback was %s. See https://www.drupal.org/node/2966725', 'exception', 'Drupal\Core\Render\Element\RenderCallbackInterface') (Line: 788)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback('#pre_render', Array, Array) (Line: 374)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array, ) (Line: 242)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\{closure}() (Line: 580)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->executeInRenderContext(Object, Object) (Line: 235)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->prepare(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 132)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->renderResponse(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 90)
Drupal\Core\EventSubscriber\MainContentViewSubscriber->onViewRenderArray(Object, 'kernel.view', Object)
call_user_func(Array, Object, 'kernel.view', Object) (Line: 142)
Drupal\Component\EventDispatcher\ContainerAwareEventDispatcher->dispatch(Object, 'kernel.view') (Line: 174)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handleRaw(Object, 1) (Line: 81)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 58)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\Session->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\KernelPreHandle->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 191)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->fetch(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 128)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->lookup(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 82)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\ReverseProxyMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 51)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\NegotiationMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 23)
Stack\StackedHttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 713)
Drupal\Core\DrupalKernel->handle(Object) (Line: 19)

Drupal\views\ManyToOneHelper->__construct(Object) (Line: 54)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\argument\ManyToOne->defineOptions() (Line: 141)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\PluginBase->init(Object, Object, Array) (Line: 104)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\HandlerBase->init(Object, Object, Array) (Line: 82)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\argument\ArgumentPluginBase->init(Object, Object, Array) (Line: 33)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\argument\ManyToOne->init(Object, Object, Array) (Line: 894)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\display\DisplayPluginBase->getHandlers('argument') (Line: 1045)
Drupal\views\ViewExecutable->_initHandler('argument', Array) (Line: 903)
Drupal\views\ViewExecutable->initHandlers() (Line: 1876)
Drupal\views\ViewExecutable->buildTitle() (Line: 338)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\display\Feed->attachTo(Object, 'page_1', Array) (Line: 1733)
Drupal\views\ViewExecutable->attachDisplays() (Line: 1333)
Drupal\views\ViewExecutable->build() (Line: 392)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\display\PathPluginBase->execute() (Line: 196)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\display\Page->execute() (Line: 1635)
Drupal\views\ViewExecutable->executeDisplay('page_1', Array) (Line: 81)
Drupal\views\Element\View::preRenderViewElement(Array)
call_user_func_array(Array, Array) (Line: 101)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback(Array, Array, 'Render #pre_render callbacks must be methods of a class that implements \Drupal\Core\Security\TrustedCallbackInterface or be an anonymous function. The callback was %s. See https://www.drupal.org/node/2966725', 'exception', 'Drupal\Core\Render\Element\RenderCallbackInterface') (Line: 788)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback('#pre_render', Array, Array) (Line: 374)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array, ) (Line: 242)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\{closure}() (Line: 580)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->executeInRenderContext(Object, Object) (Line: 235)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->prepare(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 132)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->renderResponse(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 90)
Drupal\Core\EventSubscriber\MainContentViewSubscriber->onViewRenderArray(Object, 'kernel.view', Object)
call_user_func(Array, Object, 'kernel.view', Object) (Line: 142)
Drupal\Component\EventDispatcher\ContainerAwareEventDispatcher->dispatch(Object, 'kernel.view') (Line: 174)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handleRaw(Object, 1) (Line: 81)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 58)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\Session->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\KernelPreHandle->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 191)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->fetch(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 128)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->lookup(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 82)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\ReverseProxyMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 51)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\NegotiationMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 23)
Stack\StackedHttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 713)
Drupal\Core\DrupalKernel->handle(Object) (Line: 19)

Drupal\views\ManyToOneHelper->__construct(Object) (Line: 54)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\argument\ManyToOne->defineOptions() (Line: 228)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\PluginBase->unpackOptions(Array, Array) (Line: 144)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\PluginBase->init(Object, Object, Array) (Line: 104)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\HandlerBase->init(Object, Object, Array) (Line: 82)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\argument\ArgumentPluginBase->init(Object, Object, Array) (Line: 33)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\argument\ManyToOne->init(Object, Object, Array) (Line: 894)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\display\DisplayPluginBase->getHandlers('argument') (Line: 1045)
Drupal\views\ViewExecutable->_initHandler('argument', Array) (Line: 903)
Drupal\views\ViewExecutable->initHandlers() (Line: 1876)
Drupal\views\ViewExecutable->buildTitle() (Line: 338)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\display\Feed->attachTo(Object, 'page_1', Array) (Line: 1733)
Drupal\views\ViewExecutable->attachDisplays() (Line: 1333)
Drupal\views\ViewExecutable->build() (Line: 392)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\display\PathPluginBase->execute() (Line: 196)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\display\Page->execute() (Line: 1635)
Drupal\views\ViewExecutable->executeDisplay('page_1', Array) (Line: 81)
Drupal\views\Element\View::preRenderViewElement(Array)
call_user_func_array(Array, Array) (Line: 101)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback(Array, Array, 'Render #pre_render callbacks must be methods of a class that implements \Drupal\Core\Security\TrustedCallbackInterface or be an anonymous function. The callback was %s. See https://www.drupal.org/node/2966725', 'exception', 'Drupal\Core\Render\Element\RenderCallbackInterface') (Line: 788)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback('#pre_render', Array, Array) (Line: 374)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array, ) (Line: 242)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\{closure}() (Line: 580)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->executeInRenderContext(Object, Object) (Line: 235)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->prepare(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 132)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->renderResponse(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 90)
Drupal\Core\EventSubscriber\MainContentViewSubscriber->onViewRenderArray(Object, 'kernel.view', Object)
call_user_func(Array, Object, 'kernel.view', Object) (Line: 142)
Drupal\Component\EventDispatcher\ContainerAwareEventDispatcher->dispatch(Object, 'kernel.view') (Line: 174)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handleRaw(Object, 1) (Line: 81)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 58)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\Session->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\KernelPreHandle->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 191)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->fetch(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 128)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->lookup(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 82)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\ReverseProxyMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 51)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\NegotiationMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 23)
Stack\StackedHttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 713)
Drupal\Core\DrupalKernel->handle(Object) (Line: 19)

Drupal\views\ManyToOneHelper->__construct(Object) (Line: 54)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\argument\ManyToOne->defineOptions() (Line: 228)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\PluginBase->unpackOptions(Array, Array) (Line: 110)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\HandlerBase->init(Object, Object, Array) (Line: 82)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\argument\ArgumentPluginBase->init(Object, Object, Array) (Line: 33)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\argument\ManyToOne->init(Object, Object, Array) (Line: 894)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\display\DisplayPluginBase->getHandlers('argument') (Line: 1045)
Drupal\views\ViewExecutable->_initHandler('argument', Array) (Line: 903)
Drupal\views\ViewExecutable->initHandlers() (Line: 1876)
Drupal\views\ViewExecutable->buildTitle() (Line: 338)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\display\Feed->attachTo(Object, 'page_1', Array) (Line: 1733)
Drupal\views\ViewExecutable->attachDisplays() (Line: 1333)
Drupal\views\ViewExecutable->build() (Line: 392)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\display\PathPluginBase->execute() (Line: 196)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\display\Page->execute() (Line: 1635)
Drupal\views\ViewExecutable->executeDisplay('page_1', Array) (Line: 81)
Drupal\views\Element\View::preRenderViewElement(Array)
call_user_func_array(Array, Array) (Line: 101)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback(Array, Array, 'Render #pre_render callbacks must be methods of a class that implements \Drupal\Core\Security\TrustedCallbackInterface or be an anonymous function. The callback was %s. See https://www.drupal.org/node/2966725', 'exception', 'Drupal\Core\Render\Element\RenderCallbackInterface') (Line: 788)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback('#pre_render', Array, Array) (Line: 374)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array, ) (Line: 242)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\{closure}() (Line: 580)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->executeInRenderContext(Object, Object) (Line: 235)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->prepare(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 132)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->renderResponse(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 90)
Drupal\Core\EventSubscriber\MainContentViewSubscriber->onViewRenderArray(Object, 'kernel.view', Object)
call_user_func(Array, Object, 'kernel.view', Object) (Line: 142)
Drupal\Component\EventDispatcher\ContainerAwareEventDispatcher->dispatch(Object, 'kernel.view') (Line: 174)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handleRaw(Object, 1) (Line: 81)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 58)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\Session->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\KernelPreHandle->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 191)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->fetch(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 128)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->lookup(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 82)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\ReverseProxyMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 51)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\NegotiationMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 23)
Stack\StackedHttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 713)
Drupal\Core\DrupalKernel->handle(Object) (Line: 19)

Drupal\views\ManyToOneHelper->__construct(Object) (Line: 35)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\argument\ManyToOne->init(Object, Object, Array) (Line: 894)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\display\DisplayPluginBase->getHandlers('argument') (Line: 1045)
Drupal\views\ViewExecutable->_initHandler('argument', Array) (Line: 903)
Drupal\views\ViewExecutable->initHandlers() (Line: 1876)
Drupal\views\ViewExecutable->buildTitle() (Line: 338)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\display\Feed->attachTo(Object, 'page_1', Array) (Line: 1733)
Drupal\views\ViewExecutable->attachDisplays() (Line: 1333)
Drupal\views\ViewExecutable->build() (Line: 392)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\display\PathPluginBase->execute() (Line: 196)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\display\Page->execute() (Line: 1635)
Drupal\views\ViewExecutable->executeDisplay('page_1', Array) (Line: 81)
Drupal\views\Element\View::preRenderViewElement(Array)
call_user_func_array(Array, Array) (Line: 101)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback(Array, Array, 'Render #pre_render callbacks must be methods of a class that implements \Drupal\Core\Security\TrustedCallbackInterface or be an anonymous function. The callback was %s. See https://www.drupal.org/node/2966725', 'exception', 'Drupal\Core\Render\Element\RenderCallbackInterface') (Line: 788)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback('#pre_render', Array, Array) (Line: 374)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array, ) (Line: 242)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\{closure}() (Line: 580)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->executeInRenderContext(Object, Object) (Line: 235)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->prepare(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 132)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->renderResponse(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 90)
Drupal\Core\EventSubscriber\MainContentViewSubscriber->onViewRenderArray(Object, 'kernel.view', Object)
call_user_func(Array, Object, 'kernel.view', Object) (Line: 142)
Drupal\Component\EventDispatcher\ContainerAwareEventDispatcher->dispatch(Object, 'kernel.view') (Line: 174)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handleRaw(Object, 1) (Line: 81)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 58)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\Session->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\KernelPreHandle->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 191)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->fetch(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 128)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->lookup(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 82)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\ReverseProxyMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 51)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\NegotiationMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 23)
Stack\StackedHttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 713)
Drupal\Core\DrupalKernel->handle(Object) (Line: 19)

Drupal\Core\Database\Query\Select->addMetaData('entity_type', 'file') (Line: 115)
Drupal\Core\Entity\Query\Sql\Query->prepare() (Line: 80)
Drupal\Core\Entity\Query\Sql\Query->execute() (Line: 640)
Drupal\Core\Entity\EntityStorageBase->loadByProperties(Array) (Line: 63)
Drupal\Core\Entity\EntityRepository->loadEntityByUuid('file', 'insert-max_800_px-26f2094f-6fc5-4d8f-9cc2-da5576c21073') (Line: 95)
Drupal\editor\Plugin\Filter\EditorFileReference->process('In this scenario we start from the following data table:
<a class="colorbox insert-colorbox" data-colorbox-gallery="gallery-node" data-insert-class="" data-insert-type="image" href="/sites/default/files/2021-06/dax-0110.jpg"></a>

Note that in the table the dates are shown in order (from oldest to most modern) to make their interpretation easier, but keep in mind that this might not be the case.

The objective is to create a calculated column that tells us, for each row, how many rows of the same table contain dates prior to the one of the row being considered (taking into account, as has been commented, that the rows could be not ordered according to the date).

As we want to add a calculated column, a row context will be created by default for each of the evaluated rows. That is, for the first row (the one corresponding to the field <em>Id</em> 1) a row context will be created in which we can access the values of its fields, <em>Id</em> and <em>Date</em>. From the value of the <em>Date</em> field we would like to filter the table so that only the rows with previous dates are considered, and count the number of resulting rows.

In pseudo code it would be something like this:

Number of Previous values = 
COUNTROWS(
    FILTER(
        data,
        data[Date] &lt; current-row-date
    )
)

<em>The current-row-date</em> tag has been used to refer to the value of the <em>Date</em> field of the row being considered.

The <a href="/en/dax/function/filter">FILTER</a> function, being an iterator, will create a new row context in which to evaluate the condition for each row of the <em>data</em> table:

data[Date] &lt; current-row-date

Logically, the following code would not work:

Number of Previous values = 
COUNTROWS(
    FILTER(
        data,
        data[Date] &lt; data[Date])
    )
)

...because within the row context created by <a href="/en/dax/function/filter">FILTER</a>, the value of <em>data[Date]</em> is the value of the <em>Date</em> field of the row that <a href="/en/dax/function/filter">FILTER</a> is iterating. What we would like is for the <em>current-row-date</em> value to be the one defined in the "previous" row context, the one created by the calculated column prior to executing the <a href="/en/dax/function/filter">FILTER</a> function.

For this we have two solutions:

The first -the only one that existed until the variables were introduced in DAX in 2015- is to use the <a href="/en/dax/function/earlier">EARLIER</a> function. This function returns exactly what we want: the value of a field for a previous row context (allowing us to indicate how many row contexts to go back). For example:

Number of Previous values = 
COUNTROWS(
    FILTER(
        data,
        data[Date] &lt; EARLIER(data[Date], 1)
    )
)

...would return the result we were looking for:
<a class="colorbox insert-colorbox" data-colorbox-gallery="gallery-node" data-insert-class="" data-insert-type="image" href="/sites/default/files/2021-06/dax-0111.jpg"></a>

We see that, for the first row, the function returns a <em>Blank</em> since there are no rows with previous dates and the <a href="/en/dax/function/countrows">COUNTROWS</a> function returns this value for empty tables. We can force a 0 to be returned in this case using the <a href="/en/dax/function/coalesce">COALESCE</a> function:

Number of Previous values = 
COALESCE(
    COUNTROWS(
        FILTER(
            data,
            data[Date] &lt; EARLIER(data[Date], 1)
        )
    ),
    0
)
<a class="colorbox insert-colorbox" data-colorbox-gallery="gallery-node" data-insert-class="" data-insert-type="image" href="/sites/default/files/2021-06/dax-0112.jpg"></a>

In this case, as the "previous" context is the only previous context, we could also use the <a href="/en/dax/function/earliest">EARLIEST</a> function that returns the value of the field indicated in the last existing row context:

Number of Previous values = 
COALESCE(
    COUNTROWS(
        FILTER(
            data,
            data[Date] &lt; EARLIEST(data[Date])
        )
    ),
    0
)

The second method is precisely by making use of variables, which is much simpler and easier to interpret. Specifically:

Number of Previous values = 
VAR __currentDate = data[Date]
RETURN
    COUNTROWS(
        FILTER(
            data,
            data[Date] &lt; __currentDate
        )
    )

First we create a variable (<em>__currentDate</em>) with the <a href="/en/dax/function/var">VAR</a> keyword. This variable will be created in the existing evaluation context which, at that point in the code, is the row context created by the calculated column. That is, at this point, the <em>data[Date] </em>field takes the value of the <em>Date</em> field in the row being evaluated.

Once the date has been registered, the filtering of the <em>data</em> table is executed. As mentioned, the <a href="/en/dax/function/filter">FILTER</a> function creates a new row context in which the table in question is iterated, comparing each value of the <em>Date</em> field -evaluated in the row context of the <a href="/en/dax/function/filter">FILTER</a> function- with the value registered in the variable <em>__currentDate</em> (value that was defined in the row context of the calculated column):
<a class="colorbox insert-colorbox" data-colorbox-gallery="gallery-node" data-insert-class="" data-insert-type="image" href="/sites/default/files/2021-06/dax-0113.jpg"></a>

We can see that the result is the same as that obtained with the <a href="/en/dax/function/earlier">EARLIER</a> function but easier to interpret.

Once again, we could use the <a href="/en/dax/function/coalesce">COALESCE</a> function to force zeros where <a href="/en/dax/function/countrows">COUNTROWS</a> returns <em>Blanks</em>:

Number of Previous values = 
VAR __currentDate = data[Date]
RETURN
    COALESCE(
        COUNTROWS(
            FILTER(
                data,
                data[Date] &lt; __currentDate
            )
        ),
        0
    )
', 'en') (Line: 118)
Drupal\filter\Element\ProcessedText::preRenderText(Array)
call_user_func_array(Array, Array) (Line: 101)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback(Array, Array, 'Render #pre_render callbacks must be methods of a class that implements \Drupal\Core\Security\TrustedCallbackInterface or be an anonymous function. The callback was %s. See https://www.drupal.org/node/2966725', 'exception', 'Drupal\Core\Render\Element\RenderCallbackInterface') (Line: 788)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback('#pre_render', Array, Array) (Line: 374)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 479)
Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter(Object, Array, 'html', NULL, 1) (Line: 88)
__TwigTemplate_a7d6005c89ae729617b9a0c2bccb1776->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array, Array) (Line: 46)
__TwigTemplate_804f7948456cfe20e11a34c43439c7c2->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array, Array) (Line: 43)
__TwigTemplate_bd990293b89f3b78c69fe0ee2f7828b5->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array) (Line: 390)
Twig\Template->render(Array) (Line: 55)
twig_render_template('themes/contrib/classy/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig', Array) (Line: 384)
Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render('field', Array) (Line: 433)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array) (Line: 446)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 479)
Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter(Object, Array, 'html', NULL, 1) (Line: 74)
__TwigTemplate_94047fbdba6937b76a4479dfa1763452->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array) (Line: 390)
Twig\Template->render(Array) (Line: 55)
twig_render_template('themes/custom/yg_aesthetic/templates/node.html.twig', Array) (Line: 384)
Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render('node', Array) (Line: 433)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 479)
Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter(Object, Array, 'html', NULL, 1) (Line: 74)
__TwigTemplate_43dffa6ad507293d1ceeb24e05ce942c->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array) (Line: 390)
Twig\Template->render(Array) (Line: 55)
twig_render_template('themes/custom/yg_aesthetic/templates/views-view-unformatted.html.twig', Array) (Line: 384)
Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render('views_view_unformatted', Array) (Line: 433)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array) (Line: 446)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 479)
Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter(Object, Array, 'html', NULL, 1) (Line: 110)
__TwigTemplate_349d2f5aada73507d566397721f27ea4->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array) (Line: 390)
Twig\Template->render(Array) (Line: 55)
twig_render_template('themes/contrib/classy/templates/views/views-view.html.twig', Array) (Line: 384)
Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render('views_view', Array) (Line: 433)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array) (Line: 446)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array, ) (Line: 242)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\{closure}() (Line: 580)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->executeInRenderContext(Object, Object) (Line: 235)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->prepare(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 132)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->renderResponse(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 90)
Drupal\Core\EventSubscriber\MainContentViewSubscriber->onViewRenderArray(Object, 'kernel.view', Object)
call_user_func(Array, Object, 'kernel.view', Object) (Line: 142)
Drupal\Component\EventDispatcher\ContainerAwareEventDispatcher->dispatch(Object, 'kernel.view') (Line: 174)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handleRaw(Object, 1) (Line: 81)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 58)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\Session->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\KernelPreHandle->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 191)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->fetch(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 128)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->lookup(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 82)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\ReverseProxyMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 51)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\NegotiationMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 23)
Stack\StackedHttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 713)
Drupal\Core\DrupalKernel->handle(Object) (Line: 19)

Drupal\Core\Database\Query\Select->addTag('entity_query') (Line: 147)
Drupal\Core\Entity\Query\Sql\Query->prepare() (Line: 80)
Drupal\Core\Entity\Query\Sql\Query->execute() (Line: 640)
Drupal\Core\Entity\EntityStorageBase->loadByProperties(Array) (Line: 63)
Drupal\Core\Entity\EntityRepository->loadEntityByUuid('file', 'insert-max_800_px-26f2094f-6fc5-4d8f-9cc2-da5576c21073') (Line: 95)
Drupal\editor\Plugin\Filter\EditorFileReference->process('In this scenario we start from the following data table:
<a class="colorbox insert-colorbox" data-colorbox-gallery="gallery-node" data-insert-class="" data-insert-type="image" href="/sites/default/files/2021-06/dax-0110.jpg"></a>

Note that in the table the dates are shown in order (from oldest to most modern) to make their interpretation easier, but keep in mind that this might not be the case.

The objective is to create a calculated column that tells us, for each row, how many rows of the same table contain dates prior to the one of the row being considered (taking into account, as has been commented, that the rows could be not ordered according to the date).

As we want to add a calculated column, a row context will be created by default for each of the evaluated rows. That is, for the first row (the one corresponding to the field <em>Id</em> 1) a row context will be created in which we can access the values of its fields, <em>Id</em> and <em>Date</em>. From the value of the <em>Date</em> field we would like to filter the table so that only the rows with previous dates are considered, and count the number of resulting rows.

In pseudo code it would be something like this:

Number of Previous values = 
COUNTROWS(
    FILTER(
        data,
        data[Date] &lt; current-row-date
    )
)

<em>The current-row-date</em> tag has been used to refer to the value of the <em>Date</em> field of the row being considered.

The <a href="/en/dax/function/filter">FILTER</a> function, being an iterator, will create a new row context in which to evaluate the condition for each row of the <em>data</em> table:

data[Date] &lt; current-row-date

Logically, the following code would not work:

Number of Previous values = 
COUNTROWS(
    FILTER(
        data,
        data[Date] &lt; data[Date])
    )
)

...because within the row context created by <a href="/en/dax/function/filter">FILTER</a>, the value of <em>data[Date]</em> is the value of the <em>Date</em> field of the row that <a href="/en/dax/function/filter">FILTER</a> is iterating. What we would like is for the <em>current-row-date</em> value to be the one defined in the "previous" row context, the one created by the calculated column prior to executing the <a href="/en/dax/function/filter">FILTER</a> function.

For this we have two solutions:

The first -the only one that existed until the variables were introduced in DAX in 2015- is to use the <a href="/en/dax/function/earlier">EARLIER</a> function. This function returns exactly what we want: the value of a field for a previous row context (allowing us to indicate how many row contexts to go back). For example:

Number of Previous values = 
COUNTROWS(
    FILTER(
        data,
        data[Date] &lt; EARLIER(data[Date], 1)
    )
)

...would return the result we were looking for:
<a class="colorbox insert-colorbox" data-colorbox-gallery="gallery-node" data-insert-class="" data-insert-type="image" href="/sites/default/files/2021-06/dax-0111.jpg"></a>

We see that, for the first row, the function returns a <em>Blank</em> since there are no rows with previous dates and the <a href="/en/dax/function/countrows">COUNTROWS</a> function returns this value for empty tables. We can force a 0 to be returned in this case using the <a href="/en/dax/function/coalesce">COALESCE</a> function:

Number of Previous values = 
COALESCE(
    COUNTROWS(
        FILTER(
            data,
            data[Date] &lt; EARLIER(data[Date], 1)
        )
    ),
    0
)
<a class="colorbox insert-colorbox" data-colorbox-gallery="gallery-node" data-insert-class="" data-insert-type="image" href="/sites/default/files/2021-06/dax-0112.jpg"></a>

In this case, as the "previous" context is the only previous context, we could also use the <a href="/en/dax/function/earliest">EARLIEST</a> function that returns the value of the field indicated in the last existing row context:

Number of Previous values = 
COALESCE(
    COUNTROWS(
        FILTER(
            data,
            data[Date] &lt; EARLIEST(data[Date])
        )
    ),
    0
)

The second method is precisely by making use of variables, which is much simpler and easier to interpret. Specifically:

Number of Previous values = 
VAR __currentDate = data[Date]
RETURN
    COUNTROWS(
        FILTER(
            data,
            data[Date] &lt; __currentDate
        )
    )

First we create a variable (<em>__currentDate</em>) with the <a href="/en/dax/function/var">VAR</a> keyword. This variable will be created in the existing evaluation context which, at that point in the code, is the row context created by the calculated column. That is, at this point, the <em>data[Date] </em>field takes the value of the <em>Date</em> field in the row being evaluated.

Once the date has been registered, the filtering of the <em>data</em> table is executed. As mentioned, the <a href="/en/dax/function/filter">FILTER</a> function creates a new row context in which the table in question is iterated, comparing each value of the <em>Date</em> field -evaluated in the row context of the <a href="/en/dax/function/filter">FILTER</a> function- with the value registered in the variable <em>__currentDate</em> (value that was defined in the row context of the calculated column):
<a class="colorbox insert-colorbox" data-colorbox-gallery="gallery-node" data-insert-class="" data-insert-type="image" href="/sites/default/files/2021-06/dax-0113.jpg"></a>

We can see that the result is the same as that obtained with the <a href="/en/dax/function/earlier">EARLIER</a> function but easier to interpret.

Once again, we could use the <a href="/en/dax/function/coalesce">COALESCE</a> function to force zeros where <a href="/en/dax/function/countrows">COUNTROWS</a> returns <em>Blanks</em>:

Number of Previous values = 
VAR __currentDate = data[Date]
RETURN
    COALESCE(
        COUNTROWS(
            FILTER(
                data,
                data[Date] &lt; __currentDate
            )
        ),
        0
    )
', 'en') (Line: 118)
Drupal\filter\Element\ProcessedText::preRenderText(Array)
call_user_func_array(Array, Array) (Line: 101)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback(Array, Array, 'Render #pre_render callbacks must be methods of a class that implements \Drupal\Core\Security\TrustedCallbackInterface or be an anonymous function. The callback was %s. See https://www.drupal.org/node/2966725', 'exception', 'Drupal\Core\Render\Element\RenderCallbackInterface') (Line: 788)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback('#pre_render', Array, Array) (Line: 374)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 479)
Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter(Object, Array, 'html', NULL, 1) (Line: 88)
__TwigTemplate_a7d6005c89ae729617b9a0c2bccb1776->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array, Array) (Line: 46)
__TwigTemplate_804f7948456cfe20e11a34c43439c7c2->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array, Array) (Line: 43)
__TwigTemplate_bd990293b89f3b78c69fe0ee2f7828b5->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array) (Line: 390)
Twig\Template->render(Array) (Line: 55)
twig_render_template('themes/contrib/classy/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig', Array) (Line: 384)
Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render('field', Array) (Line: 433)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array) (Line: 446)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 479)
Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter(Object, Array, 'html', NULL, 1) (Line: 74)
__TwigTemplate_94047fbdba6937b76a4479dfa1763452->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array) (Line: 390)
Twig\Template->render(Array) (Line: 55)
twig_render_template('themes/custom/yg_aesthetic/templates/node.html.twig', Array) (Line: 384)
Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render('node', Array) (Line: 433)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 479)
Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter(Object, Array, 'html', NULL, 1) (Line: 74)
__TwigTemplate_43dffa6ad507293d1ceeb24e05ce942c->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array) (Line: 390)
Twig\Template->render(Array) (Line: 55)
twig_render_template('themes/custom/yg_aesthetic/templates/views-view-unformatted.html.twig', Array) (Line: 384)
Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render('views_view_unformatted', Array) (Line: 433)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array) (Line: 446)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 479)
Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter(Object, Array, 'html', NULL, 1) (Line: 110)
__TwigTemplate_349d2f5aada73507d566397721f27ea4->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array) (Line: 390)
Twig\Template->render(Array) (Line: 55)
twig_render_template('themes/contrib/classy/templates/views/views-view.html.twig', Array) (Line: 384)
Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render('views_view', Array) (Line: 433)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array) (Line: 446)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array, ) (Line: 242)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\{closure}() (Line: 580)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->executeInRenderContext(Object, Object) (Line: 235)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->prepare(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 132)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->renderResponse(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 90)
Drupal\Core\EventSubscriber\MainContentViewSubscriber->onViewRenderArray(Object, 'kernel.view', Object)
call_user_func(Array, Object, 'kernel.view', Object) (Line: 142)
Drupal\Component\EventDispatcher\ContainerAwareEventDispatcher->dispatch(Object, 'kernel.view') (Line: 174)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handleRaw(Object, 1) (Line: 81)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 58)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\Session->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\KernelPreHandle->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 191)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->fetch(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 128)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->lookup(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 82)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\ReverseProxyMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 51)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\NegotiationMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 23)
Stack\StackedHttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 713)
Drupal\Core\DrupalKernel->handle(Object) (Line: 19)

Drupal\Core\Database\Query\Select->addMetaData('entity_type', 'file') (Line: 115)
Drupal\Core\Entity\Query\Sql\Query->prepare() (Line: 80)
Drupal\Core\Entity\Query\Sql\Query->execute() (Line: 640)
Drupal\Core\Entity\EntityStorageBase->loadByProperties(Array) (Line: 63)
Drupal\Core\Entity\EntityRepository->loadEntityByUuid('file', 'insert-max_800_px-26f2094f-6fc5-4d8f-9cc2-da5576c21073') (Line: 124)
Drupal\editor\Plugin\Filter\EditorFileReference->process('In this scenario we start from the following data table:
<a class="colorbox insert-colorbox" data-colorbox-gallery="gallery-node" data-insert-class="" data-insert-type="image" href="/sites/default/files/2021-06/dax-0110.jpg"></a>

Note that in the table the dates are shown in order (from oldest to most modern) to make their interpretation easier, but keep in mind that this might not be the case.

The objective is to create a calculated column that tells us, for each row, how many rows of the same table contain dates prior to the one of the row being considered (taking into account, as has been commented, that the rows could be not ordered according to the date).

As we want to add a calculated column, a row context will be created by default for each of the evaluated rows. That is, for the first row (the one corresponding to the field <em>Id</em> 1) a row context will be created in which we can access the values of its fields, <em>Id</em> and <em>Date</em>. From the value of the <em>Date</em> field we would like to filter the table so that only the rows with previous dates are considered, and count the number of resulting rows.

In pseudo code it would be something like this:

Number of Previous values = 
COUNTROWS(
    FILTER(
        data,
        data[Date] &lt; current-row-date
    )
)

<em>The current-row-date</em> tag has been used to refer to the value of the <em>Date</em> field of the row being considered.

The <a href="/en/dax/function/filter">FILTER</a> function, being an iterator, will create a new row context in which to evaluate the condition for each row of the <em>data</em> table:

data[Date] &lt; current-row-date

Logically, the following code would not work:

Number of Previous values = 
COUNTROWS(
    FILTER(
        data,
        data[Date] &lt; data[Date])
    )
)

...because within the row context created by <a href="/en/dax/function/filter">FILTER</a>, the value of <em>data[Date]</em> is the value of the <em>Date</em> field of the row that <a href="/en/dax/function/filter">FILTER</a> is iterating. What we would like is for the <em>current-row-date</em> value to be the one defined in the "previous" row context, the one created by the calculated column prior to executing the <a href="/en/dax/function/filter">FILTER</a> function.

For this we have two solutions:

The first -the only one that existed until the variables were introduced in DAX in 2015- is to use the <a href="/en/dax/function/earlier">EARLIER</a> function. This function returns exactly what we want: the value of a field for a previous row context (allowing us to indicate how many row contexts to go back). For example:

Number of Previous values = 
COUNTROWS(
    FILTER(
        data,
        data[Date] &lt; EARLIER(data[Date], 1)
    )
)

...would return the result we were looking for:
<a class="colorbox insert-colorbox" data-colorbox-gallery="gallery-node" data-insert-class="" data-insert-type="image" href="/sites/default/files/2021-06/dax-0111.jpg"></a>

We see that, for the first row, the function returns a <em>Blank</em> since there are no rows with previous dates and the <a href="/en/dax/function/countrows">COUNTROWS</a> function returns this value for empty tables. We can force a 0 to be returned in this case using the <a href="/en/dax/function/coalesce">COALESCE</a> function:

Number of Previous values = 
COALESCE(
    COUNTROWS(
        FILTER(
            data,
            data[Date] &lt; EARLIER(data[Date], 1)
        )
    ),
    0
)
<a class="colorbox insert-colorbox" data-colorbox-gallery="gallery-node" data-insert-class="" data-insert-type="image" href="/sites/default/files/2021-06/dax-0112.jpg"></a>

In this case, as the "previous" context is the only previous context, we could also use the <a href="/en/dax/function/earliest">EARLIEST</a> function that returns the value of the field indicated in the last existing row context:

Number of Previous values = 
COALESCE(
    COUNTROWS(
        FILTER(
            data,
            data[Date] &lt; EARLIEST(data[Date])
        )
    ),
    0
)

The second method is precisely by making use of variables, which is much simpler and easier to interpret. Specifically:

Number of Previous values = 
VAR __currentDate = data[Date]
RETURN
    COUNTROWS(
        FILTER(
            data,
            data[Date] &lt; __currentDate
        )
    )

First we create a variable (<em>__currentDate</em>) with the <a href="/en/dax/function/var">VAR</a> keyword. This variable will be created in the existing evaluation context which, at that point in the code, is the row context created by the calculated column. That is, at this point, the <em>data[Date] </em>field takes the value of the <em>Date</em> field in the row being evaluated.

Once the date has been registered, the filtering of the <em>data</em> table is executed. As mentioned, the <a href="/en/dax/function/filter">FILTER</a> function creates a new row context in which the table in question is iterated, comparing each value of the <em>Date</em> field -evaluated in the row context of the <a href="/en/dax/function/filter">FILTER</a> function- with the value registered in the variable <em>__currentDate</em> (value that was defined in the row context of the calculated column):
<a class="colorbox insert-colorbox" data-colorbox-gallery="gallery-node" data-insert-class="" data-insert-type="image" href="/sites/default/files/2021-06/dax-0113.jpg"></a>

We can see that the result is the same as that obtained with the <a href="/en/dax/function/earlier">EARLIER</a> function but easier to interpret.

Once again, we could use the <a href="/en/dax/function/coalesce">COALESCE</a> function to force zeros where <a href="/en/dax/function/countrows">COUNTROWS</a> returns <em>Blanks</em>:

Number of Previous values = 
VAR __currentDate = data[Date]
RETURN
    COALESCE(
        COUNTROWS(
            FILTER(
                data,
                data[Date] &lt; __currentDate
            )
        ),
        0
    )
', 'en') (Line: 118)
Drupal\filter\Element\ProcessedText::preRenderText(Array)
call_user_func_array(Array, Array) (Line: 101)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback(Array, Array, 'Render #pre_render callbacks must be methods of a class that implements \Drupal\Core\Security\TrustedCallbackInterface or be an anonymous function. The callback was %s. See https://www.drupal.org/node/2966725', 'exception', 'Drupal\Core\Render\Element\RenderCallbackInterface') (Line: 788)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback('#pre_render', Array, Array) (Line: 374)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 479)
Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter(Object, Array, 'html', NULL, 1) (Line: 88)
__TwigTemplate_a7d6005c89ae729617b9a0c2bccb1776->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array, Array) (Line: 46)
__TwigTemplate_804f7948456cfe20e11a34c43439c7c2->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array, Array) (Line: 43)
__TwigTemplate_bd990293b89f3b78c69fe0ee2f7828b5->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array) (Line: 390)
Twig\Template->render(Array) (Line: 55)
twig_render_template('themes/contrib/classy/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig', Array) (Line: 384)
Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render('field', Array) (Line: 433)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array) (Line: 446)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 479)
Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter(Object, Array, 'html', NULL, 1) (Line: 74)
__TwigTemplate_94047fbdba6937b76a4479dfa1763452->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array) (Line: 390)
Twig\Template->render(Array) (Line: 55)
twig_render_template('themes/custom/yg_aesthetic/templates/node.html.twig', Array) (Line: 384)
Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render('node', Array) (Line: 433)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 479)
Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter(Object, Array, 'html', NULL, 1) (Line: 74)
__TwigTemplate_43dffa6ad507293d1ceeb24e05ce942c->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array) (Line: 390)
Twig\Template->render(Array) (Line: 55)
twig_render_template('themes/custom/yg_aesthetic/templates/views-view-unformatted.html.twig', Array) (Line: 384)
Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render('views_view_unformatted', Array) (Line: 433)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array) (Line: 446)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 479)
Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter(Object, Array, 'html', NULL, 1) (Line: 110)
__TwigTemplate_349d2f5aada73507d566397721f27ea4->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array) (Line: 390)
Twig\Template->render(Array) (Line: 55)
twig_render_template('themes/contrib/classy/templates/views/views-view.html.twig', Array) (Line: 384)
Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render('views_view', Array) (Line: 433)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array) (Line: 446)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array, ) (Line: 242)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\{closure}() (Line: 580)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->executeInRenderContext(Object, Object) (Line: 235)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->prepare(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 132)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->renderResponse(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 90)
Drupal\Core\EventSubscriber\MainContentViewSubscriber->onViewRenderArray(Object, 'kernel.view', Object)
call_user_func(Array, Object, 'kernel.view', Object) (Line: 142)
Drupal\Component\EventDispatcher\ContainerAwareEventDispatcher->dispatch(Object, 'kernel.view') (Line: 174)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handleRaw(Object, 1) (Line: 81)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 58)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\Session->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\KernelPreHandle->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 191)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->fetch(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 128)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->lookup(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 82)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\ReverseProxyMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 51)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\NegotiationMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 23)
Stack\StackedHttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 713)
Drupal\Core\DrupalKernel->handle(Object) (Line: 19)

Drupal\Core\Database\Query\Select->addTag('entity_query') (Line: 147)
Drupal\Core\Entity\Query\Sql\Query->prepare() (Line: 80)
Drupal\Core\Entity\Query\Sql\Query->execute() (Line: 640)
Drupal\Core\Entity\EntityStorageBase->loadByProperties(Array) (Line: 63)
Drupal\Core\Entity\EntityRepository->loadEntityByUuid('file', 'insert-max_800_px-26f2094f-6fc5-4d8f-9cc2-da5576c21073') (Line: 124)
Drupal\editor\Plugin\Filter\EditorFileReference->process('In this scenario we start from the following data table:
<a class="colorbox insert-colorbox" data-colorbox-gallery="gallery-node" data-insert-class="" data-insert-type="image" href="/sites/default/files/2021-06/dax-0110.jpg"></a>

Note that in the table the dates are shown in order (from oldest to most modern) to make their interpretation easier, but keep in mind that this might not be the case.

The objective is to create a calculated column that tells us, for each row, how many rows of the same table contain dates prior to the one of the row being considered (taking into account, as has been commented, that the rows could be not ordered according to the date).

As we want to add a calculated column, a row context will be created by default for each of the evaluated rows. That is, for the first row (the one corresponding to the field <em>Id</em> 1) a row context will be created in which we can access the values of its fields, <em>Id</em> and <em>Date</em>. From the value of the <em>Date</em> field we would like to filter the table so that only the rows with previous dates are considered, and count the number of resulting rows.

In pseudo code it would be something like this:

Number of Previous values = 
COUNTROWS(
    FILTER(
        data,
        data[Date] &lt; current-row-date
    )
)

<em>The current-row-date</em> tag has been used to refer to the value of the <em>Date</em> field of the row being considered.

The <a href="/en/dax/function/filter">FILTER</a> function, being an iterator, will create a new row context in which to evaluate the condition for each row of the <em>data</em> table:

data[Date] &lt; current-row-date

Logically, the following code would not work:

Number of Previous values = 
COUNTROWS(
    FILTER(
        data,
        data[Date] &lt; data[Date])
    )
)

...because within the row context created by <a href="/en/dax/function/filter">FILTER</a>, the value of <em>data[Date]</em> is the value of the <em>Date</em> field of the row that <a href="/en/dax/function/filter">FILTER</a> is iterating. What we would like is for the <em>current-row-date</em> value to be the one defined in the "previous" row context, the one created by the calculated column prior to executing the <a href="/en/dax/function/filter">FILTER</a> function.

For this we have two solutions:

The first -the only one that existed until the variables were introduced in DAX in 2015- is to use the <a href="/en/dax/function/earlier">EARLIER</a> function. This function returns exactly what we want: the value of a field for a previous row context (allowing us to indicate how many row contexts to go back). For example:

Number of Previous values = 
COUNTROWS(
    FILTER(
        data,
        data[Date] &lt; EARLIER(data[Date], 1)
    )
)

...would return the result we were looking for:
<a class="colorbox insert-colorbox" data-colorbox-gallery="gallery-node" data-insert-class="" data-insert-type="image" href="/sites/default/files/2021-06/dax-0111.jpg"></a>

We see that, for the first row, the function returns a <em>Blank</em> since there are no rows with previous dates and the <a href="/en/dax/function/countrows">COUNTROWS</a> function returns this value for empty tables. We can force a 0 to be returned in this case using the <a href="/en/dax/function/coalesce">COALESCE</a> function:

Number of Previous values = 
COALESCE(
    COUNTROWS(
        FILTER(
            data,
            data[Date] &lt; EARLIER(data[Date], 1)
        )
    ),
    0
)
<a class="colorbox insert-colorbox" data-colorbox-gallery="gallery-node" data-insert-class="" data-insert-type="image" href="/sites/default/files/2021-06/dax-0112.jpg"></a>

In this case, as the "previous" context is the only previous context, we could also use the <a href="/en/dax/function/earliest">EARLIEST</a> function that returns the value of the field indicated in the last existing row context:

Number of Previous values = 
COALESCE(
    COUNTROWS(
        FILTER(
            data,
            data[Date] &lt; EARLIEST(data[Date])
        )
    ),
    0
)

The second method is precisely by making use of variables, which is much simpler and easier to interpret. Specifically:

Number of Previous values = 
VAR __currentDate = data[Date]
RETURN
    COUNTROWS(
        FILTER(
            data,
            data[Date] &lt; __currentDate
        )
    )

First we create a variable (<em>__currentDate</em>) with the <a href="/en/dax/function/var">VAR</a> keyword. This variable will be created in the existing evaluation context which, at that point in the code, is the row context created by the calculated column. That is, at this point, the <em>data[Date] </em>field takes the value of the <em>Date</em> field in the row being evaluated.

Once the date has been registered, the filtering of the <em>data</em> table is executed. As mentioned, the <a href="/en/dax/function/filter">FILTER</a> function creates a new row context in which the table in question is iterated, comparing each value of the <em>Date</em> field -evaluated in the row context of the <a href="/en/dax/function/filter">FILTER</a> function- with the value registered in the variable <em>__currentDate</em> (value that was defined in the row context of the calculated column):
<a class="colorbox insert-colorbox" data-colorbox-gallery="gallery-node" data-insert-class="" data-insert-type="image" href="/sites/default/files/2021-06/dax-0113.jpg"></a>

We can see that the result is the same as that obtained with the <a href="/en/dax/function/earlier">EARLIER</a> function but easier to interpret.

Once again, we could use the <a href="/en/dax/function/coalesce">COALESCE</a> function to force zeros where <a href="/en/dax/function/countrows">COUNTROWS</a> returns <em>Blanks</em>:

Number of Previous values = 
VAR __currentDate = data[Date]
RETURN
    COALESCE(
        COUNTROWS(
            FILTER(
                data,
                data[Date] &lt; __currentDate
            )
        ),
        0
    )
', 'en') (Line: 118)
Drupal\filter\Element\ProcessedText::preRenderText(Array)
call_user_func_array(Array, Array) (Line: 101)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback(Array, Array, 'Render #pre_render callbacks must be methods of a class that implements \Drupal\Core\Security\TrustedCallbackInterface or be an anonymous function. The callback was %s. See https://www.drupal.org/node/2966725', 'exception', 'Drupal\Core\Render\Element\RenderCallbackInterface') (Line: 788)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback('#pre_render', Array, Array) (Line: 374)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 479)
Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter(Object, Array, 'html', NULL, 1) (Line: 88)
__TwigTemplate_a7d6005c89ae729617b9a0c2bccb1776->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array, Array) (Line: 46)
__TwigTemplate_804f7948456cfe20e11a34c43439c7c2->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array, Array) (Line: 43)
__TwigTemplate_bd990293b89f3b78c69fe0ee2f7828b5->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array) (Line: 390)
Twig\Template->render(Array) (Line: 55)
twig_render_template('themes/contrib/classy/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig', Array) (Line: 384)
Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render('field', Array) (Line: 433)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array) (Line: 446)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 479)
Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter(Object, Array, 'html', NULL, 1) (Line: 74)
__TwigTemplate_94047fbdba6937b76a4479dfa1763452->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array) (Line: 390)
Twig\Template->render(Array) (Line: 55)
twig_render_template('themes/custom/yg_aesthetic/templates/node.html.twig', Array) (Line: 384)
Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render('node', Array) (Line: 433)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 479)
Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter(Object, Array, 'html', NULL, 1) (Line: 74)
__TwigTemplate_43dffa6ad507293d1ceeb24e05ce942c->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array) (Line: 390)
Twig\Template->render(Array) (Line: 55)
twig_render_template('themes/custom/yg_aesthetic/templates/views-view-unformatted.html.twig', Array) (Line: 384)
Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render('views_view_unformatted', Array) (Line: 433)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array) (Line: 446)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 479)
Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter(Object, Array, 'html', NULL, 1) (Line: 110)
__TwigTemplate_349d2f5aada73507d566397721f27ea4->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array) (Line: 390)
Twig\Template->render(Array) (Line: 55)
twig_render_template('themes/contrib/classy/templates/views/views-view.html.twig', Array) (Line: 384)
Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render('views_view', Array) (Line: 433)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array) (Line: 446)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array, ) (Line: 242)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\{closure}() (Line: 580)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->executeInRenderContext(Object, Object) (Line: 235)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->prepare(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 132)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->renderResponse(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 90)
Drupal\Core\EventSubscriber\MainContentViewSubscriber->onViewRenderArray(Object, 'kernel.view', Object)
call_user_func(Array, Object, 'kernel.view', Object) (Line: 142)
Drupal\Component\EventDispatcher\ContainerAwareEventDispatcher->dispatch(Object, 'kernel.view') (Line: 174)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handleRaw(Object, 1) (Line: 81)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 58)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\Session->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\KernelPreHandle->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 191)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->fetch(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 128)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->lookup(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 82)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\ReverseProxyMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 51)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\NegotiationMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 23)
Stack\StackedHttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 713)
Drupal\Core\DrupalKernel->handle(Object) (Line: 19)

Drupal\Core\Database\Query\Select->addMetaData('entity_type', 'file') (Line: 115)
Drupal\Core\Entity\Query\Sql\Query->prepare() (Line: 80)
Drupal\Core\Entity\Query\Sql\Query->execute() (Line: 640)
Drupal\Core\Entity\EntityStorageBase->loadByProperties(Array) (Line: 63)
Drupal\Core\Entity\EntityRepository->loadEntityByUuid('file', 'insert-max_800_px-5b76a210-02d1-4484-a8b9-c3a70422d70c') (Line: 95)
Drupal\editor\Plugin\Filter\EditorFileReference->process('In this scenario we start from the following data table:
<a class="colorbox insert-colorbox" data-colorbox-gallery="gallery-node" data-insert-class="" data-insert-type="image" href="/sites/default/files/2021-06/dax-0110.jpg"></a>

Note that in the table the dates are shown in order (from oldest to most modern) to make their interpretation easier, but keep in mind that this might not be the case.

The objective is to create a calculated column that tells us, for each row, how many rows of the same table contain dates prior to the one of the row being considered (taking into account, as has been commented, that the rows could be not ordered according to the date).

As we want to add a calculated column, a row context will be created by default for each of the evaluated rows. That is, for the first row (the one corresponding to the field <em>Id</em> 1) a row context will be created in which we can access the values of its fields, <em>Id</em> and <em>Date</em>. From the value of the <em>Date</em> field we would like to filter the table so that only the rows with previous dates are considered, and count the number of resulting rows.

In pseudo code it would be something like this:

Number of Previous values = 
COUNTROWS(
    FILTER(
        data,
        data[Date] &lt; current-row-date
    )
)

<em>The current-row-date</em> tag has been used to refer to the value of the <em>Date</em> field of the row being considered.

The <a href="/en/dax/function/filter">FILTER</a> function, being an iterator, will create a new row context in which to evaluate the condition for each row of the <em>data</em> table:

data[Date] &lt; current-row-date

Logically, the following code would not work:

Number of Previous values = 
COUNTROWS(
    FILTER(
        data,
        data[Date] &lt; data[Date])
    )
)

...because within the row context created by <a href="/en/dax/function/filter">FILTER</a>, the value of <em>data[Date]</em> is the value of the <em>Date</em> field of the row that <a href="/en/dax/function/filter">FILTER</a> is iterating. What we would like is for the <em>current-row-date</em> value to be the one defined in the "previous" row context, the one created by the calculated column prior to executing the <a href="/en/dax/function/filter">FILTER</a> function.

For this we have two solutions:

The first -the only one that existed until the variables were introduced in DAX in 2015- is to use the <a href="/en/dax/function/earlier">EARLIER</a> function. This function returns exactly what we want: the value of a field for a previous row context (allowing us to indicate how many row contexts to go back). For example:

Number of Previous values = 
COUNTROWS(
    FILTER(
        data,
        data[Date] &lt; EARLIER(data[Date], 1)
    )
)

...would return the result we were looking for:
<a class="colorbox insert-colorbox" data-colorbox-gallery="gallery-node" data-insert-class="" data-insert-type="image" href="/sites/default/files/2021-06/dax-0111.jpg"></a>

We see that, for the first row, the function returns a <em>Blank</em> since there are no rows with previous dates and the <a href="/en/dax/function/countrows">COUNTROWS</a> function returns this value for empty tables. We can force a 0 to be returned in this case using the <a href="/en/dax/function/coalesce">COALESCE</a> function:

Number of Previous values = 
COALESCE(
    COUNTROWS(
        FILTER(
            data,
            data[Date] &lt; EARLIER(data[Date], 1)
        )
    ),
    0
)
<a class="colorbox insert-colorbox" data-colorbox-gallery="gallery-node" data-insert-class="" data-insert-type="image" href="/sites/default/files/2021-06/dax-0112.jpg"></a>

In this case, as the "previous" context is the only previous context, we could also use the <a href="/en/dax/function/earliest">EARLIEST</a> function that returns the value of the field indicated in the last existing row context:

Number of Previous values = 
COALESCE(
    COUNTROWS(
        FILTER(
            data,
            data[Date] &lt; EARLIEST(data[Date])
        )
    ),
    0
)

The second method is precisely by making use of variables, which is much simpler and easier to interpret. Specifically:

Number of Previous values = 
VAR __currentDate = data[Date]
RETURN
    COUNTROWS(
        FILTER(
            data,
            data[Date] &lt; __currentDate
        )
    )

First we create a variable (<em>__currentDate</em>) with the <a href="/en/dax/function/var">VAR</a> keyword. This variable will be created in the existing evaluation context which, at that point in the code, is the row context created by the calculated column. That is, at this point, the <em>data[Date] </em>field takes the value of the <em>Date</em> field in the row being evaluated.

Once the date has been registered, the filtering of the <em>data</em> table is executed. As mentioned, the <a href="/en/dax/function/filter">FILTER</a> function creates a new row context in which the table in question is iterated, comparing each value of the <em>Date</em> field -evaluated in the row context of the <a href="/en/dax/function/filter">FILTER</a> function- with the value registered in the variable <em>__currentDate</em> (value that was defined in the row context of the calculated column):
<a class="colorbox insert-colorbox" data-colorbox-gallery="gallery-node" data-insert-class="" data-insert-type="image" href="/sites/default/files/2021-06/dax-0113.jpg"></a>

We can see that the result is the same as that obtained with the <a href="/en/dax/function/earlier">EARLIER</a> function but easier to interpret.

Once again, we could use the <a href="/en/dax/function/coalesce">COALESCE</a> function to force zeros where <a href="/en/dax/function/countrows">COUNTROWS</a> returns <em>Blanks</em>:

Number of Previous values = 
VAR __currentDate = data[Date]
RETURN
    COALESCE(
        COUNTROWS(
            FILTER(
                data,
                data[Date] &lt; __currentDate
            )
        ),
        0
    )
', 'en') (Line: 118)
Drupal\filter\Element\ProcessedText::preRenderText(Array)
call_user_func_array(Array, Array) (Line: 101)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback(Array, Array, 'Render #pre_render callbacks must be methods of a class that implements \Drupal\Core\Security\TrustedCallbackInterface or be an anonymous function. The callback was %s. See https://www.drupal.org/node/2966725', 'exception', 'Drupal\Core\Render\Element\RenderCallbackInterface') (Line: 788)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback('#pre_render', Array, Array) (Line: 374)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 479)
Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter(Object, Array, 'html', NULL, 1) (Line: 88)
__TwigTemplate_a7d6005c89ae729617b9a0c2bccb1776->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array, Array) (Line: 46)
__TwigTemplate_804f7948456cfe20e11a34c43439c7c2->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array, Array) (Line: 43)
__TwigTemplate_bd990293b89f3b78c69fe0ee2f7828b5->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array) (Line: 390)
Twig\Template->render(Array) (Line: 55)
twig_render_template('themes/contrib/classy/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig', Array) (Line: 384)
Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render('field', Array) (Line: 433)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array) (Line: 446)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 479)
Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter(Object, Array, 'html', NULL, 1) (Line: 74)
__TwigTemplate_94047fbdba6937b76a4479dfa1763452->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array) (Line: 390)
Twig\Template->render(Array) (Line: 55)
twig_render_template('themes/custom/yg_aesthetic/templates/node.html.twig', Array) (Line: 384)
Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render('node', Array) (Line: 433)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 479)
Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter(Object, Array, 'html', NULL, 1) (Line: 74)
__TwigTemplate_43dffa6ad507293d1ceeb24e05ce942c->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array) (Line: 390)
Twig\Template->render(Array) (Line: 55)
twig_render_template('themes/custom/yg_aesthetic/templates/views-view-unformatted.html.twig', Array) (Line: 384)
Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render('views_view_unformatted', Array) (Line: 433)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array) (Line: 446)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 479)
Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter(Object, Array, 'html', NULL, 1) (Line: 110)
__TwigTemplate_349d2f5aada73507d566397721f27ea4->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array) (Line: 390)
Twig\Template->render(Array) (Line: 55)
twig_render_template('themes/contrib/classy/templates/views/views-view.html.twig', Array) (Line: 384)
Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render('views_view', Array) (Line: 433)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array) (Line: 446)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array, ) (Line: 242)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\{closure}() (Line: 580)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->executeInRenderContext(Object, Object) (Line: 235)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->prepare(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 132)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->renderResponse(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 90)
Drupal\Core\EventSubscriber\MainContentViewSubscriber->onViewRenderArray(Object, 'kernel.view', Object)
call_user_func(Array, Object, 'kernel.view', Object) (Line: 142)
Drupal\Component\EventDispatcher\ContainerAwareEventDispatcher->dispatch(Object, 'kernel.view') (Line: 174)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handleRaw(Object, 1) (Line: 81)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 58)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\Session->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\KernelPreHandle->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 191)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->fetch(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 128)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->lookup(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 82)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\ReverseProxyMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 51)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\NegotiationMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 23)
Stack\StackedHttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 713)
Drupal\Core\DrupalKernel->handle(Object) (Line: 19)

Drupal\Core\Database\Query\Select->addTag('entity_query') (Line: 147)
Drupal\Core\Entity\Query\Sql\Query->prepare() (Line: 80)
Drupal\Core\Entity\Query\Sql\Query->execute() (Line: 640)
Drupal\Core\Entity\EntityStorageBase->loadByProperties(Array) (Line: 63)
Drupal\Core\Entity\EntityRepository->loadEntityByUuid('file', 'insert-max_800_px-5b76a210-02d1-4484-a8b9-c3a70422d70c') (Line: 95)
Drupal\editor\Plugin\Filter\EditorFileReference->process('In this scenario we start from the following data table:
<a class="colorbox insert-colorbox" data-colorbox-gallery="gallery-node" data-insert-class="" data-insert-type="image" href="/sites/default/files/2021-06/dax-0110.jpg"></a>

Note that in the table the dates are shown in order (from oldest to most modern) to make their interpretation easier, but keep in mind that this might not be the case.

The objective is to create a calculated column that tells us, for each row, how many rows of the same table contain dates prior to the one of the row being considered (taking into account, as has been commented, that the rows could be not ordered according to the date).

As we want to add a calculated column, a row context will be created by default for each of the evaluated rows. That is, for the first row (the one corresponding to the field <em>Id</em> 1) a row context will be created in which we can access the values of its fields, <em>Id</em> and <em>Date</em>. From the value of the <em>Date</em> field we would like to filter the table so that only the rows with previous dates are considered, and count the number of resulting rows.

In pseudo code it would be something like this:

Number of Previous values = 
COUNTROWS(
    FILTER(
        data,
        data[Date] &lt; current-row-date
    )
)

<em>The current-row-date</em> tag has been used to refer to the value of the <em>Date</em> field of the row being considered.

The <a href="/en/dax/function/filter">FILTER</a> function, being an iterator, will create a new row context in which to evaluate the condition for each row of the <em>data</em> table:

data[Date] &lt; current-row-date

Logically, the following code would not work:

Number of Previous values = 
COUNTROWS(
    FILTER(
        data,
        data[Date] &lt; data[Date])
    )
)

...because within the row context created by <a href="/en/dax/function/filter">FILTER</a>, the value of <em>data[Date]</em> is the value of the <em>Date</em> field of the row that <a href="/en/dax/function/filter">FILTER</a> is iterating. What we would like is for the <em>current-row-date</em> value to be the one defined in the "previous" row context, the one created by the calculated column prior to executing the <a href="/en/dax/function/filter">FILTER</a> function.

For this we have two solutions:

The first -the only one that existed until the variables were introduced in DAX in 2015- is to use the <a href="/en/dax/function/earlier">EARLIER</a> function. This function returns exactly what we want: the value of a field for a previous row context (allowing us to indicate how many row contexts to go back). For example:

Number of Previous values = 
COUNTROWS(
    FILTER(
        data,
        data[Date] &lt; EARLIER(data[Date], 1)
    )
)

...would return the result we were looking for:
<a class="colorbox insert-colorbox" data-colorbox-gallery="gallery-node" data-insert-class="" data-insert-type="image" href="/sites/default/files/2021-06/dax-0111.jpg"></a>

We see that, for the first row, the function returns a <em>Blank</em> since there are no rows with previous dates and the <a href="/en/dax/function/countrows">COUNTROWS</a> function returns this value for empty tables. We can force a 0 to be returned in this case using the <a href="/en/dax/function/coalesce">COALESCE</a> function:

Number of Previous values = 
COALESCE(
    COUNTROWS(
        FILTER(
            data,
            data[Date] &lt; EARLIER(data[Date], 1)
        )
    ),
    0
)
<a class="colorbox insert-colorbox" data-colorbox-gallery="gallery-node" data-insert-class="" data-insert-type="image" href="/sites/default/files/2021-06/dax-0112.jpg"></a>

In this case, as the "previous" context is the only previous context, we could also use the <a href="/en/dax/function/earliest">EARLIEST</a> function that returns the value of the field indicated in the last existing row context:

Number of Previous values = 
COALESCE(
    COUNTROWS(
        FILTER(
            data,
            data[Date] &lt; EARLIEST(data[Date])
        )
    ),
    0
)

The second method is precisely by making use of variables, which is much simpler and easier to interpret. Specifically:

Number of Previous values = 
VAR __currentDate = data[Date]
RETURN
    COUNTROWS(
        FILTER(
            data,
            data[Date] &lt; __currentDate
        )
    )

First we create a variable (<em>__currentDate</em>) with the <a href="/en/dax/function/var">VAR</a> keyword. This variable will be created in the existing evaluation context which, at that point in the code, is the row context created by the calculated column. That is, at this point, the <em>data[Date] </em>field takes the value of the <em>Date</em> field in the row being evaluated.

Once the date has been registered, the filtering of the <em>data</em> table is executed. As mentioned, the <a href="/en/dax/function/filter">FILTER</a> function creates a new row context in which the table in question is iterated, comparing each value of the <em>Date</em> field -evaluated in the row context of the <a href="/en/dax/function/filter">FILTER</a> function- with the value registered in the variable <em>__currentDate</em> (value that was defined in the row context of the calculated column):
<a class="colorbox insert-colorbox" data-colorbox-gallery="gallery-node" data-insert-class="" data-insert-type="image" href="/sites/default/files/2021-06/dax-0113.jpg"></a>

We can see that the result is the same as that obtained with the <a href="/en/dax/function/earlier">EARLIER</a> function but easier to interpret.

Once again, we could use the <a href="/en/dax/function/coalesce">COALESCE</a> function to force zeros where <a href="/en/dax/function/countrows">COUNTROWS</a> returns <em>Blanks</em>:

Number of Previous values = 
VAR __currentDate = data[Date]
RETURN
    COALESCE(
        COUNTROWS(
            FILTER(
                data,
                data[Date] &lt; __currentDate
            )
        ),
        0
    )
', 'en') (Line: 118)
Drupal\filter\Element\ProcessedText::preRenderText(Array)
call_user_func_array(Array, Array) (Line: 101)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback(Array, Array, 'Render #pre_render callbacks must be methods of a class that implements \Drupal\Core\Security\TrustedCallbackInterface or be an anonymous function. The callback was %s. See https://www.drupal.org/node/2966725', 'exception', 'Drupal\Core\Render\Element\RenderCallbackInterface') (Line: 788)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback('#pre_render', Array, Array) (Line: 374)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 479)
Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter(Object, Array, 'html', NULL, 1) (Line: 88)
__TwigTemplate_a7d6005c89ae729617b9a0c2bccb1776->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array, Array) (Line: 46)
__TwigTemplate_804f7948456cfe20e11a34c43439c7c2->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array, Array) (Line: 43)
__TwigTemplate_bd990293b89f3b78c69fe0ee2f7828b5->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array) (Line: 390)
Twig\Template->render(Array) (Line: 55)
twig_render_template('themes/contrib/classy/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig', Array) (Line: 384)
Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render('field', Array) (Line: 433)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array) (Line: 446)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 479)
Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter(Object, Array, 'html', NULL, 1) (Line: 74)
__TwigTemplate_94047fbdba6937b76a4479dfa1763452->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array) (Line: 390)
Twig\Template->render(Array) (Line: 55)
twig_render_template('themes/custom/yg_aesthetic/templates/node.html.twig', Array) (Line: 384)
Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render('node', Array) (Line: 433)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 479)
Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter(Object, Array, 'html', NULL, 1) (Line: 74)
__TwigTemplate_43dffa6ad507293d1ceeb24e05ce942c->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array) (Line: 390)
Twig\Template->render(Array) (Line: 55)
twig_render_template('themes/custom/yg_aesthetic/templates/views-view-unformatted.html.twig', Array) (Line: 384)
Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render('views_view_unformatted', Array) (Line: 433)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array) (Line: 446)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 479)
Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter(Object, Array, 'html', NULL, 1) (Line: 110)
__TwigTemplate_349d2f5aada73507d566397721f27ea4->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array) (Line: 390)
Twig\Template->render(Array) (Line: 55)
twig_render_template('themes/contrib/classy/templates/views/views-view.html.twig', Array) (Line: 384)
Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render('views_view', Array) (Line: 433)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array) (Line: 446)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array, ) (Line: 242)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\{closure}() (Line: 580)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->executeInRenderContext(Object, Object) (Line: 235)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->prepare(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 132)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->renderResponse(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 90)
Drupal\Core\EventSubscriber\MainContentViewSubscriber->onViewRenderArray(Object, 'kernel.view', Object)
call_user_func(Array, Object, 'kernel.view', Object) (Line: 142)
Drupal\Component\EventDispatcher\ContainerAwareEventDispatcher->dispatch(Object, 'kernel.view') (Line: 174)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handleRaw(Object, 1) (Line: 81)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 58)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\Session->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\KernelPreHandle->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 191)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->fetch(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 128)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->lookup(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 82)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\ReverseProxyMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 51)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\NegotiationMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 23)
Stack\StackedHttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 713)
Drupal\Core\DrupalKernel->handle(Object) (Line: 19)

Drupal\Core\Database\Query\Select->addMetaData('entity_type', 'file') (Line: 115)
Drupal\Core\Entity\Query\Sql\Query->prepare() (Line: 80)
Drupal\Core\Entity\Query\Sql\Query->execute() (Line: 640)
Drupal\Core\Entity\EntityStorageBase->loadByProperties(Array) (Line: 63)
Drupal\Core\Entity\EntityRepository->loadEntityByUuid('file', 'insert-max_800_px-5b76a210-02d1-4484-a8b9-c3a70422d70c') (Line: 124)
Drupal\editor\Plugin\Filter\EditorFileReference->process('In this scenario we start from the following data table:
<a class="colorbox insert-colorbox" data-colorbox-gallery="gallery-node" data-insert-class="" data-insert-type="image" href="/sites/default/files/2021-06/dax-0110.jpg"></a>

Note that in the table the dates are shown in order (from oldest to most modern) to make their interpretation easier, but keep in mind that this might not be the case.

The objective is to create a calculated column that tells us, for each row, how many rows of the same table contain dates prior to the one of the row being considered (taking into account, as has been commented, that the rows could be not ordered according to the date).

As we want to add a calculated column, a row context will be created by default for each of the evaluated rows. That is, for the first row (the one corresponding to the field <em>Id</em> 1) a row context will be created in which we can access the values of its fields, <em>Id</em> and <em>Date</em>. From the value of the <em>Date</em> field we would like to filter the table so that only the rows with previous dates are considered, and count the number of resulting rows.

In pseudo code it would be something like this:

Number of Previous values = 
COUNTROWS(
    FILTER(
        data,
        data[Date] &lt; current-row-date
    )
)

<em>The current-row-date</em> tag has been used to refer to the value of the <em>Date</em> field of the row being considered.

The <a href="/en/dax/function/filter">FILTER</a> function, being an iterator, will create a new row context in which to evaluate the condition for each row of the <em>data</em> table:

data[Date] &lt; current-row-date

Logically, the following code would not work:

Number of Previous values = 
COUNTROWS(
    FILTER(
        data,
        data[Date] &lt; data[Date])
    )
)

...because within the row context created by <a href="/en/dax/function/filter">FILTER</a>, the value of <em>data[Date]</em> is the value of the <em>Date</em> field of the row that <a href="/en/dax/function/filter">FILTER</a> is iterating. What we would like is for the <em>current-row-date</em> value to be the one defined in the "previous" row context, the one created by the calculated column prior to executing the <a href="/en/dax/function/filter">FILTER</a> function.

For this we have two solutions:

The first -the only one that existed until the variables were introduced in DAX in 2015- is to use the <a href="/en/dax/function/earlier">EARLIER</a> function. This function returns exactly what we want: the value of a field for a previous row context (allowing us to indicate how many row contexts to go back). For example:

Number of Previous values = 
COUNTROWS(
    FILTER(
        data,
        data[Date] &lt; EARLIER(data[Date], 1)
    )
)

...would return the result we were looking for:
<a class="colorbox insert-colorbox" data-colorbox-gallery="gallery-node" data-insert-class="" data-insert-type="image" href="/sites/default/files/2021-06/dax-0111.jpg"></a>

We see that, for the first row, the function returns a <em>Blank</em> since there are no rows with previous dates and the <a href="/en/dax/function/countrows">COUNTROWS</a> function returns this value for empty tables. We can force a 0 to be returned in this case using the <a href="/en/dax/function/coalesce">COALESCE</a> function:

Number of Previous values = 
COALESCE(
    COUNTROWS(
        FILTER(
            data,
            data[Date] &lt; EARLIER(data[Date], 1)
        )
    ),
    0
)
<a class="colorbox insert-colorbox" data-colorbox-gallery="gallery-node" data-insert-class="" data-insert-type="image" href="/sites/default/files/2021-06/dax-0112.jpg"></a>

In this case, as the "previous" context is the only previous context, we could also use the <a href="/en/dax/function/earliest">EARLIEST</a> function that returns the value of the field indicated in the last existing row context:

Number of Previous values = 
COALESCE(
    COUNTROWS(
        FILTER(
            data,
            data[Date] &lt; EARLIEST(data[Date])
        )
    ),
    0
)

The second method is precisely by making use of variables, which is much simpler and easier to interpret. Specifically:

Number of Previous values = 
VAR __currentDate = data[Date]
RETURN
    COUNTROWS(
        FILTER(
            data,
            data[Date] &lt; __currentDate
        )
    )

First we create a variable (<em>__currentDate</em>) with the <a href="/en/dax/function/var">VAR</a> keyword. This variable will be created in the existing evaluation context which, at that point in the code, is the row context created by the calculated column. That is, at this point, the <em>data[Date] </em>field takes the value of the <em>Date</em> field in the row being evaluated.

Once the date has been registered, the filtering of the <em>data</em> table is executed. As mentioned, the <a href="/en/dax/function/filter">FILTER</a> function creates a new row context in which the table in question is iterated, comparing each value of the <em>Date</em> field -evaluated in the row context of the <a href="/en/dax/function/filter">FILTER</a> function- with the value registered in the variable <em>__currentDate</em> (value that was defined in the row context of the calculated column):
<a class="colorbox insert-colorbox" data-colorbox-gallery="gallery-node" data-insert-class="" data-insert-type="image" href="/sites/default/files/2021-06/dax-0113.jpg"></a>

We can see that the result is the same as that obtained with the <a href="/en/dax/function/earlier">EARLIER</a> function but easier to interpret.

Once again, we could use the <a href="/en/dax/function/coalesce">COALESCE</a> function to force zeros where <a href="/en/dax/function/countrows">COUNTROWS</a> returns <em>Blanks</em>:

Number of Previous values = 
VAR __currentDate = data[Date]
RETURN
    COALESCE(
        COUNTROWS(
            FILTER(
                data,
                data[Date] &lt; __currentDate
            )
        ),
        0
    )
', 'en') (Line: 118)
Drupal\filter\Element\ProcessedText::preRenderText(Array)
call_user_func_array(Array, Array) (Line: 101)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback(Array, Array, 'Render #pre_render callbacks must be methods of a class that implements \Drupal\Core\Security\TrustedCallbackInterface or be an anonymous function. The callback was %s. See https://www.drupal.org/node/2966725', 'exception', 'Drupal\Core\Render\Element\RenderCallbackInterface') (Line: 788)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback('#pre_render', Array, Array) (Line: 374)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 479)
Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter(Object, Array, 'html', NULL, 1) (Line: 88)
__TwigTemplate_a7d6005c89ae729617b9a0c2bccb1776->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array, Array) (Line: 46)
__TwigTemplate_804f7948456cfe20e11a34c43439c7c2->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array, Array) (Line: 43)
__TwigTemplate_bd990293b89f3b78c69fe0ee2f7828b5->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array) (Line: 390)
Twig\Template->render(Array) (Line: 55)
twig_render_template('themes/contrib/classy/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig', Array) (Line: 384)
Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render('field', Array) (Line: 433)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array) (Line: 446)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 479)
Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter(Object, Array, 'html', NULL, 1) (Line: 74)
__TwigTemplate_94047fbdba6937b76a4479dfa1763452->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array) (Line: 390)
Twig\Template->render(Array) (Line: 55)
twig_render_template('themes/custom/yg_aesthetic/templates/node.html.twig', Array) (Line: 384)
Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render('node', Array) (Line: 433)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 479)
Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter(Object, Array, 'html', NULL, 1) (Line: 74)
__TwigTemplate_43dffa6ad507293d1ceeb24e05ce942c->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array) (Line: 390)
Twig\Template->render(Array) (Line: 55)
twig_render_template('themes/custom/yg_aesthetic/templates/views-view-unformatted.html.twig', Array) (Line: 384)
Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render('views_view_unformatted', Array) (Line: 433)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array) (Line: 446)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 479)
Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter(Object, Array, 'html', NULL, 1) (Line: 110)
__TwigTemplate_349d2f5aada73507d566397721f27ea4->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array) (Line: 390)
Twig\Template->render(Array) (Line: 55)
twig_render_template('themes/contrib/classy/templates/views/views-view.html.twig', Array) (Line: 384)
Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render('views_view', Array) (Line: 433)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array) (Line: 446)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array, ) (Line: 242)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\{closure}() (Line: 580)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->executeInRenderContext(Object, Object) (Line: 235)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->prepare(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 132)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->renderResponse(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 90)
Drupal\Core\EventSubscriber\MainContentViewSubscriber->onViewRenderArray(Object, 'kernel.view', Object)
call_user_func(Array, Object, 'kernel.view', Object) (Line: 142)
Drupal\Component\EventDispatcher\ContainerAwareEventDispatcher->dispatch(Object, 'kernel.view') (Line: 174)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handleRaw(Object, 1) (Line: 81)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 58)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\Session->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\KernelPreHandle->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 191)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->fetch(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 128)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->lookup(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 82)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\ReverseProxyMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 51)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\NegotiationMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 23)
Stack\StackedHttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 713)
Drupal\Core\DrupalKernel->handle(Object) (Line: 19)

Drupal\Core\Database\Query\Select->addTag('entity_query') (Line: 147)
Drupal\Core\Entity\Query\Sql\Query->prepare() (Line: 80)
Drupal\Core\Entity\Query\Sql\Query->execute() (Line: 640)
Drupal\Core\Entity\EntityStorageBase->loadByProperties(Array) (Line: 63)
Drupal\Core\Entity\EntityRepository->loadEntityByUuid('file', 'insert-max_800_px-5b76a210-02d1-4484-a8b9-c3a70422d70c') (Line: 124)
Drupal\editor\Plugin\Filter\EditorFileReference->process('In this scenario we start from the following data table:
<a class="colorbox insert-colorbox" data-colorbox-gallery="gallery-node" data-insert-class="" data-insert-type="image" href="/sites/default/files/2021-06/dax-0110.jpg"></a>

Note that in the table the dates are shown in order (from oldest to most modern) to make their interpretation easier, but keep in mind that this might not be the case.

The objective is to create a calculated column that tells us, for each row, how many rows of the same table contain dates prior to the one of the row being considered (taking into account, as has been commented, that the rows could be not ordered according to the date).

As we want to add a calculated column, a row context will be created by default for each of the evaluated rows. That is, for the first row (the one corresponding to the field <em>Id</em> 1) a row context will be created in which we can access the values of its fields, <em>Id</em> and <em>Date</em>. From the value of the <em>Date</em> field we would like to filter the table so that only the rows with previous dates are considered, and count the number of resulting rows.

In pseudo code it would be something like this:

Number of Previous values = 
COUNTROWS(
    FILTER(
        data,
        data[Date] &lt; current-row-date
    )
)

<em>The current-row-date</em> tag has been used to refer to the value of the <em>Date</em> field of the row being considered.

The <a href="/en/dax/function/filter">FILTER</a> function, being an iterator, will create a new row context in which to evaluate the condition for each row of the <em>data</em> table:

data[Date] &lt; current-row-date

Logically, the following code would not work:

Number of Previous values = 
COUNTROWS(
    FILTER(
        data,
        data[Date] &lt; data[Date])
    )
)

...because within the row context created by <a href="/en/dax/function/filter">FILTER</a>, the value of <em>data[Date]</em> is the value of the <em>Date</em> field of the row that <a href="/en/dax/function/filter">FILTER</a> is iterating. What we would like is for the <em>current-row-date</em> value to be the one defined in the "previous" row context, the one created by the calculated column prior to executing the <a href="/en/dax/function/filter">FILTER</a> function.

For this we have two solutions:

The first -the only one that existed until the variables were introduced in DAX in 2015- is to use the <a href="/en/dax/function/earlier">EARLIER</a> function. This function returns exactly what we want: the value of a field for a previous row context (allowing us to indicate how many row contexts to go back). For example:

Number of Previous values = 
COUNTROWS(
    FILTER(
        data,
        data[Date] &lt; EARLIER(data[Date], 1)
    )
)

...would return the result we were looking for:
<a class="colorbox insert-colorbox" data-colorbox-gallery="gallery-node" data-insert-class="" data-insert-type="image" href="/sites/default/files/2021-06/dax-0111.jpg"></a>

We see that, for the first row, the function returns a <em>Blank</em> since there are no rows with previous dates and the <a href="/en/dax/function/countrows">COUNTROWS</a> function returns this value for empty tables. We can force a 0 to be returned in this case using the <a href="/en/dax/function/coalesce">COALESCE</a> function:

Number of Previous values = 
COALESCE(
    COUNTROWS(
        FILTER(
            data,
            data[Date] &lt; EARLIER(data[Date], 1)
        )
    ),
    0
)
<a class="colorbox insert-colorbox" data-colorbox-gallery="gallery-node" data-insert-class="" data-insert-type="image" href="/sites/default/files/2021-06/dax-0112.jpg"></a>

In this case, as the "previous" context is the only previous context, we could also use the <a href="/en/dax/function/earliest">EARLIEST</a> function that returns the value of the field indicated in the last existing row context:

Number of Previous values = 
COALESCE(
    COUNTROWS(
        FILTER(
            data,
            data[Date] &lt; EARLIEST(data[Date])
        )
    ),
    0
)

The second method is precisely by making use of variables, which is much simpler and easier to interpret. Specifically:

Number of Previous values = 
VAR __currentDate = data[Date]
RETURN
    COUNTROWS(
        FILTER(
            data,
            data[Date] &lt; __currentDate
        )
    )

First we create a variable (<em>__currentDate</em>) with the <a href="/en/dax/function/var">VAR</a> keyword. This variable will be created in the existing evaluation context which, at that point in the code, is the row context created by the calculated column. That is, at this point, the <em>data[Date] </em>field takes the value of the <em>Date</em> field in the row being evaluated.

Once the date has been registered, the filtering of the <em>data</em> table is executed. As mentioned, the <a href="/en/dax/function/filter">FILTER</a> function creates a new row context in which the table in question is iterated, comparing each value of the <em>Date</em> field -evaluated in the row context of the <a href="/en/dax/function/filter">FILTER</a> function- with the value registered in the variable <em>__currentDate</em> (value that was defined in the row context of the calculated column):
<a class="colorbox insert-colorbox" data-colorbox-gallery="gallery-node" data-insert-class="" data-insert-type="image" href="/sites/default/files/2021-06/dax-0113.jpg"></a>

We can see that the result is the same as that obtained with the <a href="/en/dax/function/earlier">EARLIER</a> function but easier to interpret.

Once again, we could use the <a href="/en/dax/function/coalesce">COALESCE</a> function to force zeros where <a href="/en/dax/function/countrows">COUNTROWS</a> returns <em>Blanks</em>:

Number of Previous values = 
VAR __currentDate = data[Date]
RETURN
    COALESCE(
        COUNTROWS(
            FILTER(
                data,
                data[Date] &lt; __currentDate
            )
        ),
        0
    )
', 'en') (Line: 118)
Drupal\filter\Element\ProcessedText::preRenderText(Array)
call_user_func_array(Array, Array) (Line: 101)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback(Array, Array, 'Render #pre_render callbacks must be methods of a class that implements \Drupal\Core\Security\TrustedCallbackInterface or be an anonymous function. The callback was %s. See https://www.drupal.org/node/2966725', 'exception', 'Drupal\Core\Render\Element\RenderCallbackInterface') (Line: 788)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback('#pre_render', Array, Array) (Line: 374)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 479)
Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter(Object, Array, 'html', NULL, 1) (Line: 88)
__TwigTemplate_a7d6005c89ae729617b9a0c2bccb1776->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array, Array) (Line: 46)
__TwigTemplate_804f7948456cfe20e11a34c43439c7c2->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array, Array) (Line: 43)
__TwigTemplate_bd990293b89f3b78c69fe0ee2f7828b5->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array) (Line: 390)
Twig\Template->render(Array) (Line: 55)
twig_render_template('themes/contrib/classy/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig', Array) (Line: 384)
Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render('field', Array) (Line: 433)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array) (Line: 446)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 479)
Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter(Object, Array, 'html', NULL, 1) (Line: 74)
__TwigTemplate_94047fbdba6937b76a4479dfa1763452->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array) (Line: 390)
Twig\Template->render(Array) (Line: 55)
twig_render_template('themes/custom/yg_aesthetic/templates/node.html.twig', Array) (Line: 384)
Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render('node', Array) (Line: 433)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 479)
Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter(Object, Array, 'html', NULL, 1) (Line: 74)
__TwigTemplate_43dffa6ad507293d1ceeb24e05ce942c->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array) (Line: 390)
Twig\Template->render(Array) (Line: 55)
twig_render_template('themes/custom/yg_aesthetic/templates/views-view-unformatted.html.twig', Array) (Line: 384)
Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render('views_view_unformatted', Array) (Line: 433)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array) (Line: 446)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 479)
Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter(Object, Array, 'html', NULL, 1) (Line: 110)
__TwigTemplate_349d2f5aada73507d566397721f27ea4->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array) (Line: 390)
Twig\Template->render(Array) (Line: 55)
twig_render_template('themes/contrib/classy/templates/views/views-view.html.twig', Array) (Line: 384)
Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render('views_view', Array) (Line: 433)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array) (Line: 446)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array, ) (Line: 242)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\{closure}() (Line: 580)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->executeInRenderContext(Object, Object) (Line: 235)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->prepare(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 132)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->renderResponse(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 90)
Drupal\Core\EventSubscriber\MainContentViewSubscriber->onViewRenderArray(Object, 'kernel.view', Object)
call_user_func(Array, Object, 'kernel.view', Object) (Line: 142)
Drupal\Component\EventDispatcher\ContainerAwareEventDispatcher->dispatch(Object, 'kernel.view') (Line: 174)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handleRaw(Object, 1) (Line: 81)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 58)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\Session->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\KernelPreHandle->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 191)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->fetch(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 128)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->lookup(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 82)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\ReverseProxyMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 51)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\NegotiationMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 23)
Stack\StackedHttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 713)
Drupal\Core\DrupalKernel->handle(Object) (Line: 19)

Drupal\Core\Database\Query\Select->addMetaData('entity_type', 'file') (Line: 115)
Drupal\Core\Entity\Query\Sql\Query->prepare() (Line: 80)
Drupal\Core\Entity\Query\Sql\Query->execute() (Line: 640)
Drupal\Core\Entity\EntityStorageBase->loadByProperties(Array) (Line: 63)
Drupal\Core\Entity\EntityRepository->loadEntityByUuid('file', 'insert-max_800_px-08e7a98a-1bb0-4e89-bba5-5402a6b3a4c0') (Line: 95)
Drupal\editor\Plugin\Filter\EditorFileReference->process('In this scenario we start from the following data table:
<a class="colorbox insert-colorbox" data-colorbox-gallery="gallery-node" data-insert-class="" data-insert-type="image" href="/sites/default/files/2021-06/dax-0110.jpg"></a>

Note that in the table the dates are shown in order (from oldest to most modern) to make their interpretation easier, but keep in mind that this might not be the case.

The objective is to create a calculated column that tells us, for each row, how many rows of the same table contain dates prior to the one of the row being considered (taking into account, as has been commented, that the rows could be not ordered according to the date).

As we want to add a calculated column, a row context will be created by default for each of the evaluated rows. That is, for the first row (the one corresponding to the field <em>Id</em> 1) a row context will be created in which we can access the values of its fields, <em>Id</em> and <em>Date</em>. From the value of the <em>Date</em> field we would like to filter the table so that only the rows with previous dates are considered, and count the number of resulting rows.

In pseudo code it would be something like this:

Number of Previous values = 
COUNTROWS(
    FILTER(
        data,
        data[Date] &lt; current-row-date
    )
)

<em>The current-row-date</em> tag has been used to refer to the value of the <em>Date</em> field of the row being considered.

The <a href="/en/dax/function/filter">FILTER</a> function, being an iterator, will create a new row context in which to evaluate the condition for each row of the <em>data</em> table:

data[Date] &lt; current-row-date

Logically, the following code would not work:

Number of Previous values = 
COUNTROWS(
    FILTER(
        data,
        data[Date] &lt; data[Date])
    )
)

...because within the row context created by <a href="/en/dax/function/filter">FILTER</a>, the value of <em>data[Date]</em> is the value of the <em>Date</em> field of the row that <a href="/en/dax/function/filter">FILTER</a> is iterating. What we would like is for the <em>current-row-date</em> value to be the one defined in the "previous" row context, the one created by the calculated column prior to executing the <a href="/en/dax/function/filter">FILTER</a> function.

For this we have two solutions:

The first -the only one that existed until the variables were introduced in DAX in 2015- is to use the <a href="/en/dax/function/earlier">EARLIER</a> function. This function returns exactly what we want: the value of a field for a previous row context (allowing us to indicate how many row contexts to go back). For example:

Number of Previous values = 
COUNTROWS(
    FILTER(
        data,
        data[Date] &lt; EARLIER(data[Date], 1)
    )
)

...would return the result we were looking for:
<a class="colorbox insert-colorbox" data-colorbox-gallery="gallery-node" data-insert-class="" data-insert-type="image" href="/sites/default/files/2021-06/dax-0111.jpg"></a>

We see that, for the first row, the function returns a <em>Blank</em> since there are no rows with previous dates and the <a href="/en/dax/function/countrows">COUNTROWS</a> function returns this value for empty tables. We can force a 0 to be returned in this case using the <a href="/en/dax/function/coalesce">COALESCE</a> function:

Number of Previous values = 
COALESCE(
    COUNTROWS(
        FILTER(
            data,
            data[Date] &lt; EARLIER(data[Date], 1)
        )
    ),
    0
)
<a class="colorbox insert-colorbox" data-colorbox-gallery="gallery-node" data-insert-class="" data-insert-type="image" href="/sites/default/files/2021-06/dax-0112.jpg"></a>

In this case, as the "previous" context is the only previous context, we could also use the <a href="/en/dax/function/earliest">EARLIEST</a> function that returns the value of the field indicated in the last existing row context:

Number of Previous values = 
COALESCE(
    COUNTROWS(
        FILTER(
            data,
            data[Date] &lt; EARLIEST(data[Date])
        )
    ),
    0
)

The second method is precisely by making use of variables, which is much simpler and easier to interpret. Specifically:

Number of Previous values = 
VAR __currentDate = data[Date]
RETURN
    COUNTROWS(
        FILTER(
            data,
            data[Date] &lt; __currentDate
        )
    )

First we create a variable (<em>__currentDate</em>) with the <a href="/en/dax/function/var">VAR</a> keyword. This variable will be created in the existing evaluation context which, at that point in the code, is the row context created by the calculated column. That is, at this point, the <em>data[Date] </em>field takes the value of the <em>Date</em> field in the row being evaluated.

Once the date has been registered, the filtering of the <em>data</em> table is executed. As mentioned, the <a href="/en/dax/function/filter">FILTER</a> function creates a new row context in which the table in question is iterated, comparing each value of the <em>Date</em> field -evaluated in the row context of the <a href="/en/dax/function/filter">FILTER</a> function- with the value registered in the variable <em>__currentDate</em> (value that was defined in the row context of the calculated column):
<a class="colorbox insert-colorbox" data-colorbox-gallery="gallery-node" data-insert-class="" data-insert-type="image" href="/sites/default/files/2021-06/dax-0113.jpg"></a>

We can see that the result is the same as that obtained with the <a href="/en/dax/function/earlier">EARLIER</a> function but easier to interpret.

Once again, we could use the <a href="/en/dax/function/coalesce">COALESCE</a> function to force zeros where <a href="/en/dax/function/countrows">COUNTROWS</a> returns <em>Blanks</em>:

Number of Previous values = 
VAR __currentDate = data[Date]
RETURN
    COALESCE(
        COUNTROWS(
            FILTER(
                data,
                data[Date] &lt; __currentDate
            )
        ),
        0
    )
', 'en') (Line: 118)
Drupal\filter\Element\ProcessedText::preRenderText(Array)
call_user_func_array(Array, Array) (Line: 101)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback(Array, Array, 'Render #pre_render callbacks must be methods of a class that implements \Drupal\Core\Security\TrustedCallbackInterface or be an anonymous function. The callback was %s. See https://www.drupal.org/node/2966725', 'exception', 'Drupal\Core\Render\Element\RenderCallbackInterface') (Line: 788)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback('#pre_render', Array, Array) (Line: 374)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 479)
Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter(Object, Array, 'html', NULL, 1) (Line: 88)
__TwigTemplate_a7d6005c89ae729617b9a0c2bccb1776->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array, Array) (Line: 46)
__TwigTemplate_804f7948456cfe20e11a34c43439c7c2->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array, Array) (Line: 43)
__TwigTemplate_bd990293b89f3b78c69fe0ee2f7828b5->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array) (Line: 390)
Twig\Template->render(Array) (Line: 55)
twig_render_template('themes/contrib/classy/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig', Array) (Line: 384)
Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render('field', Array) (Line: 433)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array) (Line: 446)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 479)
Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter(Object, Array, 'html', NULL, 1) (Line: 74)
__TwigTemplate_94047fbdba6937b76a4479dfa1763452->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array) (Line: 390)
Twig\Template->render(Array) (Line: 55)
twig_render_template('themes/custom/yg_aesthetic/templates/node.html.twig', Array) (Line: 384)
Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render('node', Array) (Line: 433)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 479)
Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter(Object, Array, 'html', NULL, 1) (Line: 74)
__TwigTemplate_43dffa6ad507293d1ceeb24e05ce942c->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array) (Line: 390)
Twig\Template->render(Array) (Line: 55)
twig_render_template('themes/custom/yg_aesthetic/templates/views-view-unformatted.html.twig', Array) (Line: 384)
Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render('views_view_unformatted', Array) (Line: 433)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array) (Line: 446)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 479)
Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter(Object, Array, 'html', NULL, 1) (Line: 110)
__TwigTemplate_349d2f5aada73507d566397721f27ea4->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array) (Line: 390)
Twig\Template->render(Array) (Line: 55)
twig_render_template('themes/contrib/classy/templates/views/views-view.html.twig', Array) (Line: 384)
Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render('views_view', Array) (Line: 433)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array) (Line: 446)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array, ) (Line: 242)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\{closure}() (Line: 580)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->executeInRenderContext(Object, Object) (Line: 235)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->prepare(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 132)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->renderResponse(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 90)
Drupal\Core\EventSubscriber\MainContentViewSubscriber->onViewRenderArray(Object, 'kernel.view', Object)
call_user_func(Array, Object, 'kernel.view', Object) (Line: 142)
Drupal\Component\EventDispatcher\ContainerAwareEventDispatcher->dispatch(Object, 'kernel.view') (Line: 174)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handleRaw(Object, 1) (Line: 81)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 58)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\Session->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\KernelPreHandle->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 191)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->fetch(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 128)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->lookup(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 82)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\ReverseProxyMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 51)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\NegotiationMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 23)
Stack\StackedHttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 713)
Drupal\Core\DrupalKernel->handle(Object) (Line: 19)

Drupal\Core\Database\Query\Select->addTag('entity_query') (Line: 147)
Drupal\Core\Entity\Query\Sql\Query->prepare() (Line: 80)
Drupal\Core\Entity\Query\Sql\Query->execute() (Line: 640)
Drupal\Core\Entity\EntityStorageBase->loadByProperties(Array) (Line: 63)
Drupal\Core\Entity\EntityRepository->loadEntityByUuid('file', 'insert-max_800_px-08e7a98a-1bb0-4e89-bba5-5402a6b3a4c0') (Line: 95)
Drupal\editor\Plugin\Filter\EditorFileReference->process('In this scenario we start from the following data table:
<a class="colorbox insert-colorbox" data-colorbox-gallery="gallery-node" data-insert-class="" data-insert-type="image" href="/sites/default/files/2021-06/dax-0110.jpg"></a>

Note that in the table the dates are shown in order (from oldest to most modern) to make their interpretation easier, but keep in mind that this might not be the case.

The objective is to create a calculated column that tells us, for each row, how many rows of the same table contain dates prior to the one of the row being considered (taking into account, as has been commented, that the rows could be not ordered according to the date).

As we want to add a calculated column, a row context will be created by default for each of the evaluated rows. That is, for the first row (the one corresponding to the field <em>Id</em> 1) a row context will be created in which we can access the values of its fields, <em>Id</em> and <em>Date</em>. From the value of the <em>Date</em> field we would like to filter the table so that only the rows with previous dates are considered, and count the number of resulting rows.

In pseudo code it would be something like this:

Number of Previous values = 
COUNTROWS(
    FILTER(
        data,
        data[Date] &lt; current-row-date
    )
)

<em>The current-row-date</em> tag has been used to refer to the value of the <em>Date</em> field of the row being considered.

The <a href="/en/dax/function/filter">FILTER</a> function, being an iterator, will create a new row context in which to evaluate the condition for each row of the <em>data</em> table:

data[Date] &lt; current-row-date

Logically, the following code would not work:

Number of Previous values = 
COUNTROWS(
    FILTER(
        data,
        data[Date] &lt; data[Date])
    )
)

...because within the row context created by <a href="/en/dax/function/filter">FILTER</a>, the value of <em>data[Date]</em> is the value of the <em>Date</em> field of the row that <a href="/en/dax/function/filter">FILTER</a> is iterating. What we would like is for the <em>current-row-date</em> value to be the one defined in the "previous" row context, the one created by the calculated column prior to executing the <a href="/en/dax/function/filter">FILTER</a> function.

For this we have two solutions:

The first -the only one that existed until the variables were introduced in DAX in 2015- is to use the <a href="/en/dax/function/earlier">EARLIER</a> function. This function returns exactly what we want: the value of a field for a previous row context (allowing us to indicate how many row contexts to go back). For example:

Number of Previous values = 
COUNTROWS(
    FILTER(
        data,
        data[Date] &lt; EARLIER(data[Date], 1)
    )
)

...would return the result we were looking for:
<a class="colorbox insert-colorbox" data-colorbox-gallery="gallery-node" data-insert-class="" data-insert-type="image" href="/sites/default/files/2021-06/dax-0111.jpg"></a>

We see that, for the first row, the function returns a <em>Blank</em> since there are no rows with previous dates and the <a href="/en/dax/function/countrows">COUNTROWS</a> function returns this value for empty tables. We can force a 0 to be returned in this case using the <a href="/en/dax/function/coalesce">COALESCE</a> function:

Number of Previous values = 
COALESCE(
    COUNTROWS(
        FILTER(
            data,
            data[Date] &lt; EARLIER(data[Date], 1)
        )
    ),
    0
)
<a class="colorbox insert-colorbox" data-colorbox-gallery="gallery-node" data-insert-class="" data-insert-type="image" href="/sites/default/files/2021-06/dax-0112.jpg"></a>

In this case, as the "previous" context is the only previous context, we could also use the <a href="/en/dax/function/earliest">EARLIEST</a> function that returns the value of the field indicated in the last existing row context:

Number of Previous values = 
COALESCE(
    COUNTROWS(
        FILTER(
            data,
            data[Date] &lt; EARLIEST(data[Date])
        )
    ),
    0
)

The second method is precisely by making use of variables, which is much simpler and easier to interpret. Specifically:

Number of Previous values = 
VAR __currentDate = data[Date]
RETURN
    COUNTROWS(
        FILTER(
            data,
            data[Date] &lt; __currentDate
        )
    )

First we create a variable (<em>__currentDate</em>) with the <a href="/en/dax/function/var">VAR</a> keyword. This variable will be created in the existing evaluation context which, at that point in the code, is the row context created by the calculated column. That is, at this point, the <em>data[Date] </em>field takes the value of the <em>Date</em> field in the row being evaluated.

Once the date has been registered, the filtering of the <em>data</em> table is executed. As mentioned, the <a href="/en/dax/function/filter">FILTER</a> function creates a new row context in which the table in question is iterated, comparing each value of the <em>Date</em> field -evaluated in the row context of the <a href="/en/dax/function/filter">FILTER</a> function- with the value registered in the variable <em>__currentDate</em> (value that was defined in the row context of the calculated column):
<a class="colorbox insert-colorbox" data-colorbox-gallery="gallery-node" data-insert-class="" data-insert-type="image" href="/sites/default/files/2021-06/dax-0113.jpg"></a>

We can see that the result is the same as that obtained with the <a href="/en/dax/function/earlier">EARLIER</a> function but easier to interpret.

Once again, we could use the <a href="/en/dax/function/coalesce">COALESCE</a> function to force zeros where <a href="/en/dax/function/countrows">COUNTROWS</a> returns <em>Blanks</em>:

Number of Previous values = 
VAR __currentDate = data[Date]
RETURN
    COALESCE(
        COUNTROWS(
            FILTER(
                data,
                data[Date] &lt; __currentDate
            )
        ),
        0
    )
', 'en') (Line: 118)
Drupal\filter\Element\ProcessedText::preRenderText(Array)
call_user_func_array(Array, Array) (Line: 101)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback(Array, Array, 'Render #pre_render callbacks must be methods of a class that implements \Drupal\Core\Security\TrustedCallbackInterface or be an anonymous function. The callback was %s. See https://www.drupal.org/node/2966725', 'exception', 'Drupal\Core\Render\Element\RenderCallbackInterface') (Line: 788)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback('#pre_render', Array, Array) (Line: 374)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 479)
Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter(Object, Array, 'html', NULL, 1) (Line: 88)
__TwigTemplate_a7d6005c89ae729617b9a0c2bccb1776->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array, Array) (Line: 46)
__TwigTemplate_804f7948456cfe20e11a34c43439c7c2->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array, Array) (Line: 43)
__TwigTemplate_bd990293b89f3b78c69fe0ee2f7828b5->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array) (Line: 390)
Twig\Template->render(Array) (Line: 55)
twig_render_template('themes/contrib/classy/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig', Array) (Line: 384)
Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render('field', Array) (Line: 433)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array) (Line: 446)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 479)
Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter(Object, Array, 'html', NULL, 1) (Line: 74)
__TwigTemplate_94047fbdba6937b76a4479dfa1763452->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array) (Line: 390)
Twig\Template->render(Array) (Line: 55)
twig_render_template('themes/custom/yg_aesthetic/templates/node.html.twig', Array) (Line: 384)
Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render('node', Array) (Line: 433)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 479)
Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter(Object, Array, 'html', NULL, 1) (Line: 74)
__TwigTemplate_43dffa6ad507293d1ceeb24e05ce942c->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array) (Line: 390)
Twig\Template->render(Array) (Line: 55)
twig_render_template('themes/custom/yg_aesthetic/templates/views-view-unformatted.html.twig', Array) (Line: 384)
Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render('views_view_unformatted', Array) (Line: 433)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array) (Line: 446)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 479)
Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter(Object, Array, 'html', NULL, 1) (Line: 110)
__TwigTemplate_349d2f5aada73507d566397721f27ea4->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array) (Line: 390)
Twig\Template->render(Array) (Line: 55)
twig_render_template('themes/contrib/classy/templates/views/views-view.html.twig', Array) (Line: 384)
Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render('views_view', Array) (Line: 433)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array) (Line: 446)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array, ) (Line: 242)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\{closure}() (Line: 580)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->executeInRenderContext(Object, Object) (Line: 235)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->prepare(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 132)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->renderResponse(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 90)
Drupal\Core\EventSubscriber\MainContentViewSubscriber->onViewRenderArray(Object, 'kernel.view', Object)
call_user_func(Array, Object, 'kernel.view', Object) (Line: 142)
Drupal\Component\EventDispatcher\ContainerAwareEventDispatcher->dispatch(Object, 'kernel.view') (Line: 174)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handleRaw(Object, 1) (Line: 81)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 58)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\Session->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\KernelPreHandle->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 191)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->fetch(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 128)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->lookup(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 82)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\ReverseProxyMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 51)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\NegotiationMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 23)
Stack\StackedHttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 713)
Drupal\Core\DrupalKernel->handle(Object) (Line: 19)

Drupal\Core\Database\Query\Select->addMetaData('entity_type', 'file') (Line: 115)
Drupal\Core\Entity\Query\Sql\Query->prepare() (Line: 80)
Drupal\Core\Entity\Query\Sql\Query->execute() (Line: 640)
Drupal\Core\Entity\EntityStorageBase->loadByProperties(Array) (Line: 63)
Drupal\Core\Entity\EntityRepository->loadEntityByUuid('file', 'insert-max_800_px-08e7a98a-1bb0-4e89-bba5-5402a6b3a4c0') (Line: 124)
Drupal\editor\Plugin\Filter\EditorFileReference->process('In this scenario we start from the following data table:
<a class="colorbox insert-colorbox" data-colorbox-gallery="gallery-node" data-insert-class="" data-insert-type="image" href="/sites/default/files/2021-06/dax-0110.jpg"></a>

Note that in the table the dates are shown in order (from oldest to most modern) to make their interpretation easier, but keep in mind that this might not be the case.

The objective is to create a calculated column that tells us, for each row, how many rows of the same table contain dates prior to the one of the row being considered (taking into account, as has been commented, that the rows could be not ordered according to the date).

As we want to add a calculated column, a row context will be created by default for each of the evaluated rows. That is, for the first row (the one corresponding to the field <em>Id</em> 1) a row context will be created in which we can access the values of its fields, <em>Id</em> and <em>Date</em>. From the value of the <em>Date</em> field we would like to filter the table so that only the rows with previous dates are considered, and count the number of resulting rows.

In pseudo code it would be something like this:

Number of Previous values = 
COUNTROWS(
    FILTER(
        data,
        data[Date] &lt; current-row-date
    )
)

<em>The current-row-date</em> tag has been used to refer to the value of the <em>Date</em> field of the row being considered.

The <a href="/en/dax/function/filter">FILTER</a> function, being an iterator, will create a new row context in which to evaluate the condition for each row of the <em>data</em> table:

data[Date] &lt; current-row-date

Logically, the following code would not work:

Number of Previous values = 
COUNTROWS(
    FILTER(
        data,
        data[Date] &lt; data[Date])
    )
)

...because within the row context created by <a href="/en/dax/function/filter">FILTER</a>, the value of <em>data[Date]</em> is the value of the <em>Date</em> field of the row that <a href="/en/dax/function/filter">FILTER</a> is iterating. What we would like is for the <em>current-row-date</em> value to be the one defined in the "previous" row context, the one created by the calculated column prior to executing the <a href="/en/dax/function/filter">FILTER</a> function.

For this we have two solutions:

The first -the only one that existed until the variables were introduced in DAX in 2015- is to use the <a href="/en/dax/function/earlier">EARLIER</a> function. This function returns exactly what we want: the value of a field for a previous row context (allowing us to indicate how many row contexts to go back). For example:

Number of Previous values = 
COUNTROWS(
    FILTER(
        data,
        data[Date] &lt; EARLIER(data[Date], 1)
    )
)

...would return the result we were looking for:
<a class="colorbox insert-colorbox" data-colorbox-gallery="gallery-node" data-insert-class="" data-insert-type="image" href="/sites/default/files/2021-06/dax-0111.jpg"></a>

We see that, for the first row, the function returns a <em>Blank</em> since there are no rows with previous dates and the <a href="/en/dax/function/countrows">COUNTROWS</a> function returns this value for empty tables. We can force a 0 to be returned in this case using the <a href="/en/dax/function/coalesce">COALESCE</a> function:

Number of Previous values = 
COALESCE(
    COUNTROWS(
        FILTER(
            data,
            data[Date] &lt; EARLIER(data[Date], 1)
        )
    ),
    0
)
<a class="colorbox insert-colorbox" data-colorbox-gallery="gallery-node" data-insert-class="" data-insert-type="image" href="/sites/default/files/2021-06/dax-0112.jpg"></a>

In this case, as the "previous" context is the only previous context, we could also use the <a href="/en/dax/function/earliest">EARLIEST</a> function that returns the value of the field indicated in the last existing row context:

Number of Previous values = 
COALESCE(
    COUNTROWS(
        FILTER(
            data,
            data[Date] &lt; EARLIEST(data[Date])
        )
    ),
    0
)

The second method is precisely by making use of variables, which is much simpler and easier to interpret. Specifically:

Number of Previous values = 
VAR __currentDate = data[Date]
RETURN
    COUNTROWS(
        FILTER(
            data,
            data[Date] &lt; __currentDate
        )
    )

First we create a variable (<em>__currentDate</em>) with the <a href="/en/dax/function/var">VAR</a> keyword. This variable will be created in the existing evaluation context which, at that point in the code, is the row context created by the calculated column. That is, at this point, the <em>data[Date] </em>field takes the value of the <em>Date</em> field in the row being evaluated.

Once the date has been registered, the filtering of the <em>data</em> table is executed. As mentioned, the <a href="/en/dax/function/filter">FILTER</a> function creates a new row context in which the table in question is iterated, comparing each value of the <em>Date</em> field -evaluated in the row context of the <a href="/en/dax/function/filter">FILTER</a> function- with the value registered in the variable <em>__currentDate</em> (value that was defined in the row context of the calculated column):
<a class="colorbox insert-colorbox" data-colorbox-gallery="gallery-node" data-insert-class="" data-insert-type="image" href="/sites/default/files/2021-06/dax-0113.jpg"></a>

We can see that the result is the same as that obtained with the <a href="/en/dax/function/earlier">EARLIER</a> function but easier to interpret.

Once again, we could use the <a href="/en/dax/function/coalesce">COALESCE</a> function to force zeros where <a href="/en/dax/function/countrows">COUNTROWS</a> returns <em>Blanks</em>:

Number of Previous values = 
VAR __currentDate = data[Date]
RETURN
    COALESCE(
        COUNTROWS(
            FILTER(
                data,
                data[Date] &lt; __currentDate
            )
        ),
        0
    )
', 'en') (Line: 118)
Drupal\filter\Element\ProcessedText::preRenderText(Array)
call_user_func_array(Array, Array) (Line: 101)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback(Array, Array, 'Render #pre_render callbacks must be methods of a class that implements \Drupal\Core\Security\TrustedCallbackInterface or be an anonymous function. The callback was %s. See https://www.drupal.org/node/2966725', 'exception', 'Drupal\Core\Render\Element\RenderCallbackInterface') (Line: 788)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback('#pre_render', Array, Array) (Line: 374)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 479)
Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter(Object, Array, 'html', NULL, 1) (Line: 88)
__TwigTemplate_a7d6005c89ae729617b9a0c2bccb1776->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array, Array) (Line: 46)
__TwigTemplate_804f7948456cfe20e11a34c43439c7c2->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array, Array) (Line: 43)
__TwigTemplate_bd990293b89f3b78c69fe0ee2f7828b5->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array) (Line: 390)
Twig\Template->render(Array) (Line: 55)
twig_render_template('themes/contrib/classy/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig', Array) (Line: 384)
Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render('field', Array) (Line: 433)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array) (Line: 446)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 479)
Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter(Object, Array, 'html', NULL, 1) (Line: 74)
__TwigTemplate_94047fbdba6937b76a4479dfa1763452->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array) (Line: 390)
Twig\Template->render(Array) (Line: 55)
twig_render_template('themes/custom/yg_aesthetic/templates/node.html.twig', Array) (Line: 384)
Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render('node', Array) (Line: 433)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 479)
Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter(Object, Array, 'html', NULL, 1) (Line: 74)
__TwigTemplate_43dffa6ad507293d1ceeb24e05ce942c->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array) (Line: 390)
Twig\Template->render(Array) (Line: 55)
twig_render_template('themes/custom/yg_aesthetic/templates/views-view-unformatted.html.twig', Array) (Line: 384)
Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render('views_view_unformatted', Array) (Line: 433)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array) (Line: 446)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 479)
Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter(Object, Array, 'html', NULL, 1) (Line: 110)
__TwigTemplate_349d2f5aada73507d566397721f27ea4->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array) (Line: 390)
Twig\Template->render(Array) (Line: 55)
twig_render_template('themes/contrib/classy/templates/views/views-view.html.twig', Array) (Line: 384)
Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render('views_view', Array) (Line: 433)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array) (Line: 446)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array, ) (Line: 242)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\{closure}() (Line: 580)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->executeInRenderContext(Object, Object) (Line: 235)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->prepare(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 132)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->renderResponse(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 90)
Drupal\Core\EventSubscriber\MainContentViewSubscriber->onViewRenderArray(Object, 'kernel.view', Object)
call_user_func(Array, Object, 'kernel.view', Object) (Line: 142)
Drupal\Component\EventDispatcher\ContainerAwareEventDispatcher->dispatch(Object, 'kernel.view') (Line: 174)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handleRaw(Object, 1) (Line: 81)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 58)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\Session->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\KernelPreHandle->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 191)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->fetch(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 128)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->lookup(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 82)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\ReverseProxyMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 51)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\NegotiationMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 23)
Stack\StackedHttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 713)
Drupal\Core\DrupalKernel->handle(Object) (Line: 19)

Drupal\Core\Database\Query\Select->addTag('entity_query') (Line: 147)
Drupal\Core\Entity\Query\Sql\Query->prepare() (Line: 80)
Drupal\Core\Entity\Query\Sql\Query->execute() (Line: 640)
Drupal\Core\Entity\EntityStorageBase->loadByProperties(Array) (Line: 63)
Drupal\Core\Entity\EntityRepository->loadEntityByUuid('file', 'insert-max_800_px-08e7a98a-1bb0-4e89-bba5-5402a6b3a4c0') (Line: 124)
Drupal\editor\Plugin\Filter\EditorFileReference->process('In this scenario we start from the following data table:
<a class="colorbox insert-colorbox" data-colorbox-gallery="gallery-node" data-insert-class="" data-insert-type="image" href="/sites/default/files/2021-06/dax-0110.jpg"></a>

Note that in the table the dates are shown in order (from oldest to most modern) to make their interpretation easier, but keep in mind that this might not be the case.

The objective is to create a calculated column that tells us, for each row, how many rows of the same table contain dates prior to the one of the row being considered (taking into account, as has been commented, that the rows could be not ordered according to the date).

As we want to add a calculated column, a row context will be created by default for each of the evaluated rows. That is, for the first row (the one corresponding to the field <em>Id</em> 1) a row context will be created in which we can access the values of its fields, <em>Id</em> and <em>Date</em>. From the value of the <em>Date</em> field we would like to filter the table so that only the rows with previous dates are considered, and count the number of resulting rows.

In pseudo code it would be something like this:

Number of Previous values = 
COUNTROWS(
    FILTER(
        data,
        data[Date] &lt; current-row-date
    )
)

<em>The current-row-date</em> tag has been used to refer to the value of the <em>Date</em> field of the row being considered.

The <a href="/en/dax/function/filter">FILTER</a> function, being an iterator, will create a new row context in which to evaluate the condition for each row of the <em>data</em> table:

data[Date] &lt; current-row-date

Logically, the following code would not work:

Number of Previous values = 
COUNTROWS(
    FILTER(
        data,
        data[Date] &lt; data[Date])
    )
)

...because within the row context created by <a href="/en/dax/function/filter">FILTER</a>, the value of <em>data[Date]</em> is the value of the <em>Date</em> field of the row that <a href="/en/dax/function/filter">FILTER</a> is iterating. What we would like is for the <em>current-row-date</em> value to be the one defined in the "previous" row context, the one created by the calculated column prior to executing the <a href="/en/dax/function/filter">FILTER</a> function.

For this we have two solutions:

The first -the only one that existed until the variables were introduced in DAX in 2015- is to use the <a href="/en/dax/function/earlier">EARLIER</a> function. This function returns exactly what we want: the value of a field for a previous row context (allowing us to indicate how many row contexts to go back). For example:

Number of Previous values = 
COUNTROWS(
    FILTER(
        data,
        data[Date] &lt; EARLIER(data[Date], 1)
    )
)

...would return the result we were looking for:
<a class="colorbox insert-colorbox" data-colorbox-gallery="gallery-node" data-insert-class="" data-insert-type="image" href="/sites/default/files/2021-06/dax-0111.jpg"></a>

We see that, for the first row, the function returns a <em>Blank</em> since there are no rows with previous dates and the <a href="/en/dax/function/countrows">COUNTROWS</a> function returns this value for empty tables. We can force a 0 to be returned in this case using the <a href="/en/dax/function/coalesce">COALESCE</a> function:

Number of Previous values = 
COALESCE(
    COUNTROWS(
        FILTER(
            data,
            data[Date] &lt; EARLIER(data[Date], 1)
        )
    ),
    0
)
<a class="colorbox insert-colorbox" data-colorbox-gallery="gallery-node" data-insert-class="" data-insert-type="image" href="/sites/default/files/2021-06/dax-0112.jpg"></a>

In this case, as the "previous" context is the only previous context, we could also use the <a href="/en/dax/function/earliest">EARLIEST</a> function that returns the value of the field indicated in the last existing row context:

Number of Previous values = 
COALESCE(
    COUNTROWS(
        FILTER(
            data,
            data[Date] &lt; EARLIEST(data[Date])
        )
    ),
    0
)

The second method is precisely by making use of variables, which is much simpler and easier to interpret. Specifically:

Number of Previous values = 
VAR __currentDate = data[Date]
RETURN
    COUNTROWS(
        FILTER(
            data,
            data[Date] &lt; __currentDate
        )
    )

First we create a variable (<em>__currentDate</em>) with the <a href="/en/dax/function/var">VAR</a> keyword. This variable will be created in the existing evaluation context which, at that point in the code, is the row context created by the calculated column. That is, at this point, the <em>data[Date] </em>field takes the value of the <em>Date</em> field in the row being evaluated.

Once the date has been registered, the filtering of the <em>data</em> table is executed. As mentioned, the <a href="/en/dax/function/filter">FILTER</a> function creates a new row context in which the table in question is iterated, comparing each value of the <em>Date</em> field -evaluated in the row context of the <a href="/en/dax/function/filter">FILTER</a> function- with the value registered in the variable <em>__currentDate</em> (value that was defined in the row context of the calculated column):
<a class="colorbox insert-colorbox" data-colorbox-gallery="gallery-node" data-insert-class="" data-insert-type="image" href="/sites/default/files/2021-06/dax-0113.jpg"></a>

We can see that the result is the same as that obtained with the <a href="/en/dax/function/earlier">EARLIER</a> function but easier to interpret.

Once again, we could use the <a href="/en/dax/function/coalesce">COALESCE</a> function to force zeros where <a href="/en/dax/function/countrows">COUNTROWS</a> returns <em>Blanks</em>:

Number of Previous values = 
VAR __currentDate = data[Date]
RETURN
    COALESCE(
        COUNTROWS(
            FILTER(
                data,
                data[Date] &lt; __currentDate
            )
        ),
        0
    )
', 'en') (Line: 118)
Drupal\filter\Element\ProcessedText::preRenderText(Array)
call_user_func_array(Array, Array) (Line: 101)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback(Array, Array, 'Render #pre_render callbacks must be methods of a class that implements \Drupal\Core\Security\TrustedCallbackInterface or be an anonymous function. The callback was %s. See https://www.drupal.org/node/2966725', 'exception', 'Drupal\Core\Render\Element\RenderCallbackInterface') (Line: 788)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback('#pre_render', Array, Array) (Line: 374)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 479)
Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter(Object, Array, 'html', NULL, 1) (Line: 88)
__TwigTemplate_a7d6005c89ae729617b9a0c2bccb1776->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array, Array) (Line: 46)
__TwigTemplate_804f7948456cfe20e11a34c43439c7c2->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array, Array) (Line: 43)
__TwigTemplate_bd990293b89f3b78c69fe0ee2f7828b5->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array) (Line: 390)
Twig\Template->render(Array) (Line: 55)
twig_render_template('themes/contrib/classy/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig', Array) (Line: 384)
Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render('field', Array) (Line: 433)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array) (Line: 446)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 479)
Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter(Object, Array, 'html', NULL, 1) (Line: 74)
__TwigTemplate_94047fbdba6937b76a4479dfa1763452->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array) (Line: 390)
Twig\Template->render(Array) (Line: 55)
twig_render_template('themes/custom/yg_aesthetic/templates/node.html.twig', Array) (Line: 384)
Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render('node', Array) (Line: 433)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 479)
Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter(Object, Array, 'html', NULL, 1) (Line: 74)
__TwigTemplate_43dffa6ad507293d1ceeb24e05ce942c->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array) (Line: 390)
Twig\Template->render(Array) (Line: 55)
twig_render_template('themes/custom/yg_aesthetic/templates/views-view-unformatted.html.twig', Array) (Line: 384)
Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render('views_view_unformatted', Array) (Line: 433)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array) (Line: 446)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 479)
Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter(Object, Array, 'html', NULL, 1) (Line: 110)
__TwigTemplate_349d2f5aada73507d566397721f27ea4->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array) (Line: 390)
Twig\Template->render(Array) (Line: 55)
twig_render_template('themes/contrib/classy/templates/views/views-view.html.twig', Array) (Line: 384)
Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render('views_view', Array) (Line: 433)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array) (Line: 446)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array, ) (Line: 242)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\{closure}() (Line: 580)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->executeInRenderContext(Object, Object) (Line: 235)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->prepare(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 132)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->renderResponse(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 90)
Drupal\Core\EventSubscriber\MainContentViewSubscriber->onViewRenderArray(Object, 'kernel.view', Object)
call_user_func(Array, Object, 'kernel.view', Object) (Line: 142)
Drupal\Component\EventDispatcher\ContainerAwareEventDispatcher->dispatch(Object, 'kernel.view') (Line: 174)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handleRaw(Object, 1) (Line: 81)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 58)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\Session->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\KernelPreHandle->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 191)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->fetch(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 128)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->lookup(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 82)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\ReverseProxyMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 51)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\NegotiationMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 23)
Stack\StackedHttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 713)
Drupal\Core\DrupalKernel->handle(Object) (Line: 19)

Drupal\Core\Database\Query\Select->addMetaData('entity_type', 'file') (Line: 115)
Drupal\Core\Entity\Query\Sql\Query->prepare() (Line: 80)
Drupal\Core\Entity\Query\Sql\Query->execute() (Line: 640)
Drupal\Core\Entity\EntityStorageBase->loadByProperties(Array) (Line: 63)
Drupal\Core\Entity\EntityRepository->loadEntityByUuid('file', 'insert-max_800_px-3cb7ced5-598b-408d-9d7d-d253ab959bba') (Line: 95)
Drupal\editor\Plugin\Filter\EditorFileReference->process('In this scenario we start from the following data table:
<a class="colorbox insert-colorbox" data-colorbox-gallery="gallery-node" data-insert-class="" data-insert-type="image" href="/sites/default/files/2021-06/dax-0110.jpg"></a>

Note that in the table the dates are shown in order (from oldest to most modern) to make their interpretation easier, but keep in mind that this might not be the case.

The objective is to create a calculated column that tells us, for each row, how many rows of the same table contain dates prior to the one of the row being considered (taking into account, as has been commented, that the rows could be not ordered according to the date).

As we want to add a calculated column, a row context will be created by default for each of the evaluated rows. That is, for the first row (the one corresponding to the field <em>Id</em> 1) a row context will be created in which we can access the values of its fields, <em>Id</em> and <em>Date</em>. From the value of the <em>Date</em> field we would like to filter the table so that only the rows with previous dates are considered, and count the number of resulting rows.

In pseudo code it would be something like this:

Number of Previous values = 
COUNTROWS(
    FILTER(
        data,
        data[Date] &lt; current-row-date
    )
)

<em>The current-row-date</em> tag has been used to refer to the value of the <em>Date</em> field of the row being considered.

The <a href="/en/dax/function/filter">FILTER</a> function, being an iterator, will create a new row context in which to evaluate the condition for each row of the <em>data</em> table:

data[Date] &lt; current-row-date

Logically, the following code would not work:

Number of Previous values = 
COUNTROWS(
    FILTER(
        data,
        data[Date] &lt; data[Date])
    )
)

...because within the row context created by <a href="/en/dax/function/filter">FILTER</a>, the value of <em>data[Date]</em> is the value of the <em>Date</em> field of the row that <a href="/en/dax/function/filter">FILTER</a> is iterating. What we would like is for the <em>current-row-date</em> value to be the one defined in the "previous" row context, the one created by the calculated column prior to executing the <a href="/en/dax/function/filter">FILTER</a> function.

For this we have two solutions:

The first -the only one that existed until the variables were introduced in DAX in 2015- is to use the <a href="/en/dax/function/earlier">EARLIER</a> function. This function returns exactly what we want: the value of a field for a previous row context (allowing us to indicate how many row contexts to go back). For example:

Number of Previous values = 
COUNTROWS(
    FILTER(
        data,
        data[Date] &lt; EARLIER(data[Date], 1)
    )
)

...would return the result we were looking for:
<a class="colorbox insert-colorbox" data-colorbox-gallery="gallery-node" data-insert-class="" data-insert-type="image" href="/sites/default/files/2021-06/dax-0111.jpg"></a>

We see that, for the first row, the function returns a <em>Blank</em> since there are no rows with previous dates and the <a href="/en/dax/function/countrows">COUNTROWS</a> function returns this value for empty tables. We can force a 0 to be returned in this case using the <a href="/en/dax/function/coalesce">COALESCE</a> function:

Number of Previous values = 
COALESCE(
    COUNTROWS(
        FILTER(
            data,
            data[Date] &lt; EARLIER(data[Date], 1)
        )
    ),
    0
)
<a class="colorbox insert-colorbox" data-colorbox-gallery="gallery-node" data-insert-class="" data-insert-type="image" href="/sites/default/files/2021-06/dax-0112.jpg"></a>

In this case, as the "previous" context is the only previous context, we could also use the <a href="/en/dax/function/earliest">EARLIEST</a> function that returns the value of the field indicated in the last existing row context:

Number of Previous values = 
COALESCE(
    COUNTROWS(
        FILTER(
            data,
            data[Date] &lt; EARLIEST(data[Date])
        )
    ),
    0
)

The second method is precisely by making use of variables, which is much simpler and easier to interpret. Specifically:

Number of Previous values = 
VAR __currentDate = data[Date]
RETURN
    COUNTROWS(
        FILTER(
            data,
            data[Date] &lt; __currentDate
        )
    )

First we create a variable (<em>__currentDate</em>) with the <a href="/en/dax/function/var">VAR</a> keyword. This variable will be created in the existing evaluation context which, at that point in the code, is the row context created by the calculated column. That is, at this point, the <em>data[Date] </em>field takes the value of the <em>Date</em> field in the row being evaluated.

Once the date has been registered, the filtering of the <em>data</em> table is executed. As mentioned, the <a href="/en/dax/function/filter">FILTER</a> function creates a new row context in which the table in question is iterated, comparing each value of the <em>Date</em> field -evaluated in the row context of the <a href="/en/dax/function/filter">FILTER</a> function- with the value registered in the variable <em>__currentDate</em> (value that was defined in the row context of the calculated column):
<a class="colorbox insert-colorbox" data-colorbox-gallery="gallery-node" data-insert-class="" data-insert-type="image" href="/sites/default/files/2021-06/dax-0113.jpg"></a>

We can see that the result is the same as that obtained with the <a href="/en/dax/function/earlier">EARLIER</a> function but easier to interpret.

Once again, we could use the <a href="/en/dax/function/coalesce">COALESCE</a> function to force zeros where <a href="/en/dax/function/countrows">COUNTROWS</a> returns <em>Blanks</em>:

Number of Previous values = 
VAR __currentDate = data[Date]
RETURN
    COALESCE(
        COUNTROWS(
            FILTER(
                data,
                data[Date] &lt; __currentDate
            )
        ),
        0
    )
', 'en') (Line: 118)
Drupal\filter\Element\ProcessedText::preRenderText(Array)
call_user_func_array(Array, Array) (Line: 101)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback(Array, Array, 'Render #pre_render callbacks must be methods of a class that implements \Drupal\Core\Security\TrustedCallbackInterface or be an anonymous function. The callback was %s. See https://www.drupal.org/node/2966725', 'exception', 'Drupal\Core\Render\Element\RenderCallbackInterface') (Line: 788)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback('#pre_render', Array, Array) (Line: 374)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 479)
Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter(Object, Array, 'html', NULL, 1) (Line: 88)
__TwigTemplate_a7d6005c89ae729617b9a0c2bccb1776->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array, Array) (Line: 46)
__TwigTemplate_804f7948456cfe20e11a34c43439c7c2->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array, Array) (Line: 43)
__TwigTemplate_bd990293b89f3b78c69fe0ee2f7828b5->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array) (Line: 390)
Twig\Template->render(Array) (Line: 55)
twig_render_template('themes/contrib/classy/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig', Array) (Line: 384)
Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render('field', Array) (Line: 433)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array) (Line: 446)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 479)
Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter(Object, Array, 'html', NULL, 1) (Line: 74)
__TwigTemplate_94047fbdba6937b76a4479dfa1763452->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array) (Line: 390)
Twig\Template->render(Array) (Line: 55)
twig_render_template('themes/custom/yg_aesthetic/templates/node.html.twig', Array) (Line: 384)
Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render('node', Array) (Line: 433)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 479)
Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter(Object, Array, 'html', NULL, 1) (Line: 74)
__TwigTemplate_43dffa6ad507293d1ceeb24e05ce942c->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array) (Line: 390)
Twig\Template->render(Array) (Line: 55)
twig_render_template('themes/custom/yg_aesthetic/templates/views-view-unformatted.html.twig', Array) (Line: 384)
Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render('views_view_unformatted', Array) (Line: 433)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array) (Line: 446)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 479)
Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter(Object, Array, 'html', NULL, 1) (Line: 110)
__TwigTemplate_349d2f5aada73507d566397721f27ea4->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array) (Line: 390)
Twig\Template->render(Array) (Line: 55)
twig_render_template('themes/contrib/classy/templates/views/views-view.html.twig', Array) (Line: 384)
Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render('views_view', Array) (Line: 433)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array) (Line: 446)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array, ) (Line: 242)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\{closure}() (Line: 580)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->executeInRenderContext(Object, Object) (Line: 235)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->prepare(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 132)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->renderResponse(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 90)
Drupal\Core\EventSubscriber\MainContentViewSubscriber->onViewRenderArray(Object, 'kernel.view', Object)
call_user_func(Array, Object, 'kernel.view', Object) (Line: 142)
Drupal\Component\EventDispatcher\ContainerAwareEventDispatcher->dispatch(Object, 'kernel.view') (Line: 174)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handleRaw(Object, 1) (Line: 81)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 58)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\Session->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\KernelPreHandle->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 191)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->fetch(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 128)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->lookup(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 82)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\ReverseProxyMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 51)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\NegotiationMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 23)
Stack\StackedHttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 713)
Drupal\Core\DrupalKernel->handle(Object) (Line: 19)

Drupal\Core\Database\Query\Select->addTag('entity_query') (Line: 147)
Drupal\Core\Entity\Query\Sql\Query->prepare() (Line: 80)
Drupal\Core\Entity\Query\Sql\Query->execute() (Line: 640)
Drupal\Core\Entity\EntityStorageBase->loadByProperties(Array) (Line: 63)
Drupal\Core\Entity\EntityRepository->loadEntityByUuid('file', 'insert-max_800_px-3cb7ced5-598b-408d-9d7d-d253ab959bba') (Line: 95)
Drupal\editor\Plugin\Filter\EditorFileReference->process('In this scenario we start from the following data table:
<a class="colorbox insert-colorbox" data-colorbox-gallery="gallery-node" data-insert-class="" data-insert-type="image" href="/sites/default/files/2021-06/dax-0110.jpg"></a>

Note that in the table the dates are shown in order (from oldest to most modern) to make their interpretation easier, but keep in mind that this might not be the case.

The objective is to create a calculated column that tells us, for each row, how many rows of the same table contain dates prior to the one of the row being considered (taking into account, as has been commented, that the rows could be not ordered according to the date).

As we want to add a calculated column, a row context will be created by default for each of the evaluated rows. That is, for the first row (the one corresponding to the field <em>Id</em> 1) a row context will be created in which we can access the values of its fields, <em>Id</em> and <em>Date</em>. From the value of the <em>Date</em> field we would like to filter the table so that only the rows with previous dates are considered, and count the number of resulting rows.

In pseudo code it would be something like this:

Number of Previous values = 
COUNTROWS(
    FILTER(
        data,
        data[Date] &lt; current-row-date
    )
)

<em>The current-row-date</em> tag has been used to refer to the value of the <em>Date</em> field of the row being considered.

The <a href="/en/dax/function/filter">FILTER</a> function, being an iterator, will create a new row context in which to evaluate the condition for each row of the <em>data</em> table:

data[Date] &lt; current-row-date

Logically, the following code would not work:

Number of Previous values = 
COUNTROWS(
    FILTER(
        data,
        data[Date] &lt; data[Date])
    )
)

...because within the row context created by <a href="/en/dax/function/filter">FILTER</a>, the value of <em>data[Date]</em> is the value of the <em>Date</em> field of the row that <a href="/en/dax/function/filter">FILTER</a> is iterating. What we would like is for the <em>current-row-date</em> value to be the one defined in the "previous" row context, the one created by the calculated column prior to executing the <a href="/en/dax/function/filter">FILTER</a> function.

For this we have two solutions:

The first -the only one that existed until the variables were introduced in DAX in 2015- is to use the <a href="/en/dax/function/earlier">EARLIER</a> function. This function returns exactly what we want: the value of a field for a previous row context (allowing us to indicate how many row contexts to go back). For example:

Number of Previous values = 
COUNTROWS(
    FILTER(
        data,
        data[Date] &lt; EARLIER(data[Date], 1)
    )
)

...would return the result we were looking for:
<a class="colorbox insert-colorbox" data-colorbox-gallery="gallery-node" data-insert-class="" data-insert-type="image" href="/sites/default/files/2021-06/dax-0111.jpg"></a>

We see that, for the first row, the function returns a <em>Blank</em> since there are no rows with previous dates and the <a href="/en/dax/function/countrows">COUNTROWS</a> function returns this value for empty tables. We can force a 0 to be returned in this case using the <a href="/en/dax/function/coalesce">COALESCE</a> function:

Number of Previous values = 
COALESCE(
    COUNTROWS(
        FILTER(
            data,
            data[Date] &lt; EARLIER(data[Date], 1)
        )
    ),
    0
)
<a class="colorbox insert-colorbox" data-colorbox-gallery="gallery-node" data-insert-class="" data-insert-type="image" href="/sites/default/files/2021-06/dax-0112.jpg"></a>

In this case, as the "previous" context is the only previous context, we could also use the <a href="/en/dax/function/earliest">EARLIEST</a> function that returns the value of the field indicated in the last existing row context:

Number of Previous values = 
COALESCE(
    COUNTROWS(
        FILTER(
            data,
            data[Date] &lt; EARLIEST(data[Date])
        )
    ),
    0
)

The second method is precisely by making use of variables, which is much simpler and easier to interpret. Specifically:

Number of Previous values = 
VAR __currentDate = data[Date]
RETURN
    COUNTROWS(
        FILTER(
            data,
            data[Date] &lt; __currentDate
        )
    )

First we create a variable (<em>__currentDate</em>) with the <a href="/en/dax/function/var">VAR</a> keyword. This variable will be created in the existing evaluation context which, at that point in the code, is the row context created by the calculated column. That is, at this point, the <em>data[Date] </em>field takes the value of the <em>Date</em> field in the row being evaluated.

Once the date has been registered, the filtering of the <em>data</em> table is executed. As mentioned, the <a href="/en/dax/function/filter">FILTER</a> function creates a new row context in which the table in question is iterated, comparing each value of the <em>Date</em> field -evaluated in the row context of the <a href="/en/dax/function/filter">FILTER</a> function- with the value registered in the variable <em>__currentDate</em> (value that was defined in the row context of the calculated column):
<a class="colorbox insert-colorbox" data-colorbox-gallery="gallery-node" data-insert-class="" data-insert-type="image" href="/sites/default/files/2021-06/dax-0113.jpg"></a>

We can see that the result is the same as that obtained with the <a href="/en/dax/function/earlier">EARLIER</a> function but easier to interpret.

Once again, we could use the <a href="/en/dax/function/coalesce">COALESCE</a> function to force zeros where <a href="/en/dax/function/countrows">COUNTROWS</a> returns <em>Blanks</em>:

Number of Previous values = 
VAR __currentDate = data[Date]
RETURN
    COALESCE(
        COUNTROWS(
            FILTER(
                data,
                data[Date] &lt; __currentDate
            )
        ),
        0
    )
', 'en') (Line: 118)
Drupal\filter\Element\ProcessedText::preRenderText(Array)
call_user_func_array(Array, Array) (Line: 101)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback(Array, Array, 'Render #pre_render callbacks must be methods of a class that implements \Drupal\Core\Security\TrustedCallbackInterface or be an anonymous function. The callback was %s. See https://www.drupal.org/node/2966725', 'exception', 'Drupal\Core\Render\Element\RenderCallbackInterface') (Line: 788)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback('#pre_render', Array, Array) (Line: 374)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 479)
Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter(Object, Array, 'html', NULL, 1) (Line: 88)
__TwigTemplate_a7d6005c89ae729617b9a0c2bccb1776->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array, Array) (Line: 46)
__TwigTemplate_804f7948456cfe20e11a34c43439c7c2->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array, Array) (Line: 43)
__TwigTemplate_bd990293b89f3b78c69fe0ee2f7828b5->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array) (Line: 390)
Twig\Template->render(Array) (Line: 55)
twig_render_template('themes/contrib/classy/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig', Array) (Line: 384)
Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render('field', Array) (Line: 433)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array) (Line: 446)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 479)
Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter(Object, Array, 'html', NULL, 1) (Line: 74)
__TwigTemplate_94047fbdba6937b76a4479dfa1763452->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array) (Line: 390)
Twig\Template->render(Array) (Line: 55)
twig_render_template('themes/custom/yg_aesthetic/templates/node.html.twig', Array) (Line: 384)
Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render('node', Array) (Line: 433)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 479)
Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter(Object, Array, 'html', NULL, 1) (Line: 74)
__TwigTemplate_43dffa6ad507293d1ceeb24e05ce942c->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array) (Line: 390)
Twig\Template->render(Array) (Line: 55)
twig_render_template('themes/custom/yg_aesthetic/templates/views-view-unformatted.html.twig', Array) (Line: 384)
Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render('views_view_unformatted', Array) (Line: 433)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array) (Line: 446)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 479)
Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter(Object, Array, 'html', NULL, 1) (Line: 110)
__TwigTemplate_349d2f5aada73507d566397721f27ea4->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array) (Line: 390)
Twig\Template->render(Array) (Line: 55)
twig_render_template('themes/contrib/classy/templates/views/views-view.html.twig', Array) (Line: 384)
Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render('views_view', Array) (Line: 433)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array) (Line: 446)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array, ) (Line: 242)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\{closure}() (Line: 580)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->executeInRenderContext(Object, Object) (Line: 235)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->prepare(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 132)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->renderResponse(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 90)
Drupal\Core\EventSubscriber\MainContentViewSubscriber->onViewRenderArray(Object, 'kernel.view', Object)
call_user_func(Array, Object, 'kernel.view', Object) (Line: 142)
Drupal\Component\EventDispatcher\ContainerAwareEventDispatcher->dispatch(Object, 'kernel.view') (Line: 174)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handleRaw(Object, 1) (Line: 81)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 58)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\Session->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\KernelPreHandle->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 191)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->fetch(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 128)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->lookup(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 82)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\ReverseProxyMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 51)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\NegotiationMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 23)
Stack\StackedHttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 713)
Drupal\Core\DrupalKernel->handle(Object) (Line: 19)

Drupal\Core\Database\Query\Select->addMetaData('entity_type', 'file') (Line: 115)
Drupal\Core\Entity\Query\Sql\Query->prepare() (Line: 80)
Drupal\Core\Entity\Query\Sql\Query->execute() (Line: 640)
Drupal\Core\Entity\EntityStorageBase->loadByProperties(Array) (Line: 63)
Drupal\Core\Entity\EntityRepository->loadEntityByUuid('file', 'insert-max_800_px-3cb7ced5-598b-408d-9d7d-d253ab959bba') (Line: 124)
Drupal\editor\Plugin\Filter\EditorFileReference->process('In this scenario we start from the following data table:
<a class="colorbox insert-colorbox" data-colorbox-gallery="gallery-node" data-insert-class="" data-insert-type="image" href="/sites/default/files/2021-06/dax-0110.jpg"></a>

Note that in the table the dates are shown in order (from oldest to most modern) to make their interpretation easier, but keep in mind that this might not be the case.

The objective is to create a calculated column that tells us, for each row, how many rows of the same table contain dates prior to the one of the row being considered (taking into account, as has been commented, that the rows could be not ordered according to the date).

As we want to add a calculated column, a row context will be created by default for each of the evaluated rows. That is, for the first row (the one corresponding to the field <em>Id</em> 1) a row context will be created in which we can access the values of its fields, <em>Id</em> and <em>Date</em>. From the value of the <em>Date</em> field we would like to filter the table so that only the rows with previous dates are considered, and count the number of resulting rows.

In pseudo code it would be something like this:

Number of Previous values = 
COUNTROWS(
    FILTER(
        data,
        data[Date] &lt; current-row-date
    )
)

<em>The current-row-date</em> tag has been used to refer to the value of the <em>Date</em> field of the row being considered.

The <a href="/en/dax/function/filter">FILTER</a> function, being an iterator, will create a new row context in which to evaluate the condition for each row of the <em>data</em> table:

data[Date] &lt; current-row-date

Logically, the following code would not work:

Number of Previous values = 
COUNTROWS(
    FILTER(
        data,
        data[Date] &lt; data[Date])
    )
)

...because within the row context created by <a href="/en/dax/function/filter">FILTER</a>, the value of <em>data[Date]</em> is the value of the <em>Date</em> field of the row that <a href="/en/dax/function/filter">FILTER</a> is iterating. What we would like is for the <em>current-row-date</em> value to be the one defined in the "previous" row context, the one created by the calculated column prior to executing the <a href="/en/dax/function/filter">FILTER</a> function.

For this we have two solutions:

The first -the only one that existed until the variables were introduced in DAX in 2015- is to use the <a href="/en/dax/function/earlier">EARLIER</a> function. This function returns exactly what we want: the value of a field for a previous row context (allowing us to indicate how many row contexts to go back). For example:

Number of Previous values = 
COUNTROWS(
    FILTER(
        data,
        data[Date] &lt; EARLIER(data[Date], 1)
    )
)

...would return the result we were looking for:
<a class="colorbox insert-colorbox" data-colorbox-gallery="gallery-node" data-insert-class="" data-insert-type="image" href="/sites/default/files/2021-06/dax-0111.jpg"></a>

We see that, for the first row, the function returns a <em>Blank</em> since there are no rows with previous dates and the <a href="/en/dax/function/countrows">COUNTROWS</a> function returns this value for empty tables. We can force a 0 to be returned in this case using the <a href="/en/dax/function/coalesce">COALESCE</a> function:

Number of Previous values = 
COALESCE(
    COUNTROWS(
        FILTER(
            data,
            data[Date] &lt; EARLIER(data[Date], 1)
        )
    ),
    0
)
<a class="colorbox insert-colorbox" data-colorbox-gallery="gallery-node" data-insert-class="" data-insert-type="image" href="/sites/default/files/2021-06/dax-0112.jpg"></a>

In this case, as the "previous" context is the only previous context, we could also use the <a href="/en/dax/function/earliest">EARLIEST</a> function that returns the value of the field indicated in the last existing row context:

Number of Previous values = 
COALESCE(
    COUNTROWS(
        FILTER(
            data,
            data[Date] &lt; EARLIEST(data[Date])
        )
    ),
    0
)

The second method is precisely by making use of variables, which is much simpler and easier to interpret. Specifically:

Number of Previous values = 
VAR __currentDate = data[Date]
RETURN
    COUNTROWS(
        FILTER(
            data,
            data[Date] &lt; __currentDate
        )
    )

First we create a variable (<em>__currentDate</em>) with the <a href="/en/dax/function/var">VAR</a> keyword. This variable will be created in the existing evaluation context which, at that point in the code, is the row context created by the calculated column. That is, at this point, the <em>data[Date] </em>field takes the value of the <em>Date</em> field in the row being evaluated.

Once the date has been registered, the filtering of the <em>data</em> table is executed. As mentioned, the <a href="/en/dax/function/filter">FILTER</a> function creates a new row context in which the table in question is iterated, comparing each value of the <em>Date</em> field -evaluated in the row context of the <a href="/en/dax/function/filter">FILTER</a> function- with the value registered in the variable <em>__currentDate</em> (value that was defined in the row context of the calculated column):
<a class="colorbox insert-colorbox" data-colorbox-gallery="gallery-node" data-insert-class="" data-insert-type="image" href="/sites/default/files/2021-06/dax-0113.jpg"></a>

We can see that the result is the same as that obtained with the <a href="/en/dax/function/earlier">EARLIER</a> function but easier to interpret.

Once again, we could use the <a href="/en/dax/function/coalesce">COALESCE</a> function to force zeros where <a href="/en/dax/function/countrows">COUNTROWS</a> returns <em>Blanks</em>:

Number of Previous values = 
VAR __currentDate = data[Date]
RETURN
    COALESCE(
        COUNTROWS(
            FILTER(
                data,
                data[Date] &lt; __currentDate
            )
        ),
        0
    )
', 'en') (Line: 118)
Drupal\filter\Element\ProcessedText::preRenderText(Array)
call_user_func_array(Array, Array) (Line: 101)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback(Array, Array, 'Render #pre_render callbacks must be methods of a class that implements \Drupal\Core\Security\TrustedCallbackInterface or be an anonymous function. The callback was %s. See https://www.drupal.org/node/2966725', 'exception', 'Drupal\Core\Render\Element\RenderCallbackInterface') (Line: 788)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback('#pre_render', Array, Array) (Line: 374)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 479)
Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter(Object, Array, 'html', NULL, 1) (Line: 88)
__TwigTemplate_a7d6005c89ae729617b9a0c2bccb1776->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array, Array) (Line: 46)
__TwigTemplate_804f7948456cfe20e11a34c43439c7c2->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array, Array) (Line: 43)
__TwigTemplate_bd990293b89f3b78c69fe0ee2f7828b5->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array) (Line: 390)
Twig\Template->render(Array) (Line: 55)
twig_render_template('themes/contrib/classy/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig', Array) (Line: 384)
Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render('field', Array) (Line: 433)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array) (Line: 446)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 479)
Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter(Object, Array, 'html', NULL, 1) (Line: 74)
__TwigTemplate_94047fbdba6937b76a4479dfa1763452->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array) (Line: 390)
Twig\Template->render(Array) (Line: 55)
twig_render_template('themes/custom/yg_aesthetic/templates/node.html.twig', Array) (Line: 384)
Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render('node', Array) (Line: 433)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 479)
Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter(Object, Array, 'html', NULL, 1) (Line: 74)
__TwigTemplate_43dffa6ad507293d1ceeb24e05ce942c->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array) (Line: 390)
Twig\Template->render(Array) (Line: 55)
twig_render_template('themes/custom/yg_aesthetic/templates/views-view-unformatted.html.twig', Array) (Line: 384)
Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render('views_view_unformatted', Array) (Line: 433)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array) (Line: 446)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 479)
Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter(Object, Array, 'html', NULL, 1) (Line: 110)
__TwigTemplate_349d2f5aada73507d566397721f27ea4->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array) (Line: 390)
Twig\Template->render(Array) (Line: 55)
twig_render_template('themes/contrib/classy/templates/views/views-view.html.twig', Array) (Line: 384)
Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render('views_view', Array) (Line: 433)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array) (Line: 446)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array, ) (Line: 242)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\{closure}() (Line: 580)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->executeInRenderContext(Object, Object) (Line: 235)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->prepare(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 132)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->renderResponse(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 90)
Drupal\Core\EventSubscriber\MainContentViewSubscriber->onViewRenderArray(Object, 'kernel.view', Object)
call_user_func(Array, Object, 'kernel.view', Object) (Line: 142)
Drupal\Component\EventDispatcher\ContainerAwareEventDispatcher->dispatch(Object, 'kernel.view') (Line: 174)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handleRaw(Object, 1) (Line: 81)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 58)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\Session->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\KernelPreHandle->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 191)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->fetch(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 128)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->lookup(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 82)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\ReverseProxyMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 51)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\NegotiationMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 23)
Stack\StackedHttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 713)
Drupal\Core\DrupalKernel->handle(Object) (Line: 19)

Drupal\Core\Database\Query\Select->addTag('entity_query') (Line: 147)
Drupal\Core\Entity\Query\Sql\Query->prepare() (Line: 80)
Drupal\Core\Entity\Query\Sql\Query->execute() (Line: 640)
Drupal\Core\Entity\EntityStorageBase->loadByProperties(Array) (Line: 63)
Drupal\Core\Entity\EntityRepository->loadEntityByUuid('file', 'insert-max_800_px-3cb7ced5-598b-408d-9d7d-d253ab959bba') (Line: 124)
Drupal\editor\Plugin\Filter\EditorFileReference->process('In this scenario we start from the following data table:
<a class="colorbox insert-colorbox" data-colorbox-gallery="gallery-node" data-insert-class="" data-insert-type="image" href="/sites/default/files/2021-06/dax-0110.jpg"></a>

Note that in the table the dates are shown in order (from oldest to most modern) to make their interpretation easier, but keep in mind that this might not be the case.

The objective is to create a calculated column that tells us, for each row, how many rows of the same table contain dates prior to the one of the row being considered (taking into account, as has been commented, that the rows could be not ordered according to the date).

As we want to add a calculated column, a row context will be created by default for each of the evaluated rows. That is, for the first row (the one corresponding to the field <em>Id</em> 1) a row context will be created in which we can access the values of its fields, <em>Id</em> and <em>Date</em>. From the value of the <em>Date</em> field we would like to filter the table so that only the rows with previous dates are considered, and count the number of resulting rows.

In pseudo code it would be something like this:

Number of Previous values = 
COUNTROWS(
    FILTER(
        data,
        data[Date] &lt; current-row-date
    )
)

<em>The current-row-date</em> tag has been used to refer to the value of the <em>Date</em> field of the row being considered.

The <a href="/en/dax/function/filter">FILTER</a> function, being an iterator, will create a new row context in which to evaluate the condition for each row of the <em>data</em> table:

data[Date] &lt; current-row-date

Logically, the following code would not work:

Number of Previous values = 
COUNTROWS(
    FILTER(
        data,
        data[Date] &lt; data[Date])
    )
)

...because within the row context created by <a href="/en/dax/function/filter">FILTER</a>, the value of <em>data[Date]</em> is the value of the <em>Date</em> field of the row that <a href="/en/dax/function/filter">FILTER</a> is iterating. What we would like is for the <em>current-row-date</em> value to be the one defined in the "previous" row context, the one created by the calculated column prior to executing the <a href="/en/dax/function/filter">FILTER</a> function.

For this we have two solutions:

The first -the only one that existed until the variables were introduced in DAX in 2015- is to use the <a href="/en/dax/function/earlier">EARLIER</a> function. This function returns exactly what we want: the value of a field for a previous row context (allowing us to indicate how many row contexts to go back). For example:

Number of Previous values = 
COUNTROWS(
    FILTER(
        data,
        data[Date] &lt; EARLIER(data[Date], 1)
    )
)

...would return the result we were looking for:
<a class="colorbox insert-colorbox" data-colorbox-gallery="gallery-node" data-insert-class="" data-insert-type="image" href="/sites/default/files/2021-06/dax-0111.jpg"></a>

We see that, for the first row, the function returns a <em>Blank</em> since there are no rows with previous dates and the <a href="/en/dax/function/countrows">COUNTROWS</a> function returns this value for empty tables. We can force a 0 to be returned in this case using the <a href="/en/dax/function/coalesce">COALESCE</a> function:

Number of Previous values = 
COALESCE(
    COUNTROWS(
        FILTER(
            data,
            data[Date] &lt; EARLIER(data[Date], 1)
        )
    ),
    0
)
<a class="colorbox insert-colorbox" data-colorbox-gallery="gallery-node" data-insert-class="" data-insert-type="image" href="/sites/default/files/2021-06/dax-0112.jpg"></a>

In this case, as the "previous" context is the only previous context, we could also use the <a href="/en/dax/function/earliest">EARLIEST</a> function that returns the value of the field indicated in the last existing row context:

Number of Previous values = 
COALESCE(
    COUNTROWS(
        FILTER(
            data,
            data[Date] &lt; EARLIEST(data[Date])
        )
    ),
    0
)

The second method is precisely by making use of variables, which is much simpler and easier to interpret. Specifically:

Number of Previous values = 
VAR __currentDate = data[Date]
RETURN
    COUNTROWS(
        FILTER(
            data,
            data[Date] &lt; __currentDate
        )
    )

First we create a variable (<em>__currentDate</em>) with the <a href="/en/dax/function/var">VAR</a> keyword. This variable will be created in the existing evaluation context which, at that point in the code, is the row context created by the calculated column. That is, at this point, the <em>data[Date] </em>field takes the value of the <em>Date</em> field in the row being evaluated.

Once the date has been registered, the filtering of the <em>data</em> table is executed. As mentioned, the <a href="/en/dax/function/filter">FILTER</a> function creates a new row context in which the table in question is iterated, comparing each value of the <em>Date</em> field -evaluated in the row context of the <a href="/en/dax/function/filter">FILTER</a> function- with the value registered in the variable <em>__currentDate</em> (value that was defined in the row context of the calculated column):
<a class="colorbox insert-colorbox" data-colorbox-gallery="gallery-node" data-insert-class="" data-insert-type="image" href="/sites/default/files/2021-06/dax-0113.jpg"></a>

We can see that the result is the same as that obtained with the <a href="/en/dax/function/earlier">EARLIER</a> function but easier to interpret.

Once again, we could use the <a href="/en/dax/function/coalesce">COALESCE</a> function to force zeros where <a href="/en/dax/function/countrows">COUNTROWS</a> returns <em>Blanks</em>:

Number of Previous values = 
VAR __currentDate = data[Date]
RETURN
    COALESCE(
        COUNTROWS(
            FILTER(
                data,
                data[Date] &lt; __currentDate
            )
        ),
        0
    )
', 'en') (Line: 118)
Drupal\filter\Element\ProcessedText::preRenderText(Array)
call_user_func_array(Array, Array) (Line: 101)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback(Array, Array, 'Render #pre_render callbacks must be methods of a class that implements \Drupal\Core\Security\TrustedCallbackInterface or be an anonymous function. The callback was %s. See https://www.drupal.org/node/2966725', 'exception', 'Drupal\Core\Render\Element\RenderCallbackInterface') (Line: 788)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback('#pre_render', Array, Array) (Line: 374)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 479)
Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter(Object, Array, 'html', NULL, 1) (Line: 88)
__TwigTemplate_a7d6005c89ae729617b9a0c2bccb1776->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array, Array) (Line: 46)
__TwigTemplate_804f7948456cfe20e11a34c43439c7c2->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array, Array) (Line: 43)
__TwigTemplate_bd990293b89f3b78c69fe0ee2f7828b5->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array) (Line: 390)
Twig\Template->render(Array) (Line: 55)
twig_render_template('themes/contrib/classy/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig', Array) (Line: 384)
Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render('field', Array) (Line: 433)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array) (Line: 446)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 479)
Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter(Object, Array, 'html', NULL, 1) (Line: 74)
__TwigTemplate_94047fbdba6937b76a4479dfa1763452->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array) (Line: 390)
Twig\Template->render(Array) (Line: 55)
twig_render_template('themes/custom/yg_aesthetic/templates/node.html.twig', Array) (Line: 384)
Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render('node', Array) (Line: 433)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 479)
Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter(Object, Array, 'html', NULL, 1) (Line: 74)
__TwigTemplate_43dffa6ad507293d1ceeb24e05ce942c->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array) (Line: 390)
Twig\Template->render(Array) (Line: 55)
twig_render_template('themes/custom/yg_aesthetic/templates/views-view-unformatted.html.twig', Array) (Line: 384)
Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render('views_view_unformatted', Array) (Line: 433)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array) (Line: 446)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 479)
Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter(Object, Array, 'html', NULL, 1) (Line: 110)
__TwigTemplate_349d2f5aada73507d566397721f27ea4->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array) (Line: 390)
Twig\Template->render(Array) (Line: 55)
twig_render_template('themes/contrib/classy/templates/views/views-view.html.twig', Array) (Line: 384)
Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render('views_view', Array) (Line: 433)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array) (Line: 446)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array, ) (Line: 242)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\{closure}() (Line: 580)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->executeInRenderContext(Object, Object) (Line: 235)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->prepare(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 132)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->renderResponse(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 90)
Drupal\Core\EventSubscriber\MainContentViewSubscriber->onViewRenderArray(Object, 'kernel.view', Object)
call_user_func(Array, Object, 'kernel.view', Object) (Line: 142)
Drupal\Component\EventDispatcher\ContainerAwareEventDispatcher->dispatch(Object, 'kernel.view') (Line: 174)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handleRaw(Object, 1) (Line: 81)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 58)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\Session->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\KernelPreHandle->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 191)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->fetch(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 128)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->lookup(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 82)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\ReverseProxyMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 51)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\NegotiationMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 23)
Stack\StackedHttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 713)
Drupal\Core\DrupalKernel->handle(Object) (Line: 19)

Deprecated function: Return type of Drupal\google_analytics\Component\Render\GoogleAnalyticsJavaScriptSnippet::jsonSerialize() should either be compatible with JsonSerializable::jsonSerialize(): mixed, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in include() (line 10 of modules/contrib/google_analytics/src/Component/Render/GoogleAnalyticsJavaScriptSnippet.php).

include('/var/www/vhosts/interactivechaos.ovh/httpdocs/modules/contrib/google_analytics/src/Component/Render/GoogleAnalyticsJavaScriptSnippet.php') (Line: 578)
Composer\Autoload\ClassLoader::Composer\Autoload\{closure}('/var/www/vhosts/interactivechaos.ovh/httpdocs/modules/contrib/google_analytics/src/Component/Render/GoogleAnalyticsJavaScriptSnippet.php') (Line: 432)
Composer\Autoload\ClassLoader->loadClass('Drupal\google_analytics\Component\Render\GoogleAnalyticsJavaScriptSnippet') (Line: 372)
google_analytics_page_attachments(Array) (Line: 313)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\{closure}(Object, 'google_analytics') (Line: 405)
Drupal\Core\Extension\ModuleHandler->invokeAllWith('page_attachments', Object) (Line: 310)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->invokePageAttachmentHooks(Array) (Line: 288)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->prepare(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 132)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->renderResponse(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 90)
Drupal\Core\EventSubscriber\MainContentViewSubscriber->onViewRenderArray(Object, 'kernel.view', Object)
call_user_func(Array, Object, 'kernel.view', Object) (Line: 142)
Drupal\Component\EventDispatcher\ContainerAwareEventDispatcher->dispatch(Object, 'kernel.view') (Line: 174)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handleRaw(Object, 1) (Line: 81)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 58)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\Session->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\KernelPreHandle->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 191)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->fetch(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 128)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->lookup(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 82)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\ReverseProxyMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 51)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\NegotiationMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 23)
Stack\StackedHttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 713)
Drupal\Core\DrupalKernel->handle(Object) (Line: 19)

Deprecated function: Use of "static" in callables is deprecated in Drupal\user\Entity\Role::postLoad() (line 172 of core/modules/user/src/Entity/Role.php).

Drupal\user\Entity\Role::postLoad(Object, Array) (Line: 423)
Drupal\Core\Entity\EntityStorageBase->postLoad(Array) (Line: 353)
Drupal\Core\Entity\EntityStorageBase->loadMultiple() (Line: 126)
eu_cookie_compliance_page_attachments(Array) (Line: 313)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\{closure}(Object, 'eu_cookie_compliance') (Line: 405)
Drupal\Core\Extension\ModuleHandler->invokeAllWith('page_attachments', Object) (Line: 310)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->invokePageAttachmentHooks(Array) (Line: 288)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->prepare(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 132)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->renderResponse(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 90)
Drupal\Core\EventSubscriber\MainContentViewSubscriber->onViewRenderArray(Object, 'kernel.view', Object)
call_user_func(Array, Object, 'kernel.view', Object) (Line: 142)
Drupal\Component\EventDispatcher\ContainerAwareEventDispatcher->dispatch(Object, 'kernel.view') (Line: 174)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handleRaw(Object, 1) (Line: 81)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 58)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\Session->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\KernelPreHandle->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 191)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->fetch(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 128)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->lookup(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 82)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\ReverseProxyMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 51)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\NegotiationMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 23)
Stack\StackedHttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 713)
Drupal\Core\DrupalKernel->handle(Object) (Line: 19)

COALESCE

Calculation of the number of values prior to each date

Read more about Calculation of the number of values prior to each date

In this scenario we start from the following data table:

Submitted by admin on Wed, 06/23/2021 - 15:10

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COALESCE

Calculation of the number of values prior to each date

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