Error message

Deprecated function: Use of "static" in callables is deprecated in Drupal\user\Entity\Role::postLoad() (line 172 of core/modules/user/src/Entity/Role.php).

Drupal\user\Entity\Role::postLoad(Object, Array) (Line: 423)
Drupal\Core\Entity\EntityStorageBase->postLoad(Array) (Line: 353)
Drupal\Core\Entity\EntityStorageBase->loadMultiple(Array) (Line: 16)
Drupal\user\RoleStorage->isPermissionInRoles('access site in maintenance mode', Array) (Line: 112)
Drupal\Core\Session\UserSession->hasPermission('access site in maintenance mode') (Line: 105)
Drupal\Core\Session\AccountProxy->hasPermission('access site in maintenance mode') (Line: 83)
Drupal\redirect\RedirectChecker->canRedirect(Object) (Line: 120)
Drupal\redirect\EventSubscriber\RedirectRequestSubscriber->onKernelRequestCheckRedirect(Object, 'kernel.request', Object)
call_user_func(Array, Object, 'kernel.request', Object) (Line: 142)
Drupal\Component\EventDispatcher\ContainerAwareEventDispatcher->dispatch(Object, 'kernel.request') (Line: 145)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handleRaw(Object, 1) (Line: 81)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 58)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\Session->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\KernelPreHandle->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 191)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->fetch(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 128)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->lookup(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 82)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\ReverseProxyMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 51)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\NegotiationMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 23)
Stack\StackedHttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 713)
Drupal\Core\DrupalKernel->handle(Object) (Line: 19)

Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property Drupal\mysql\Driver\Database\mysql\Select::$alterTags is deprecated in Drupal\Core\Database\Query\Select->addTag() (line 149 of core/lib/Drupal/Core/Database/Query/Select.php).

Drupal\Core\Database\Query\Select->addTag('views') (Line: 1316)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\query\Sql->query() (Line: 1454)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\query\Sql->build(Object) (Line: 1326)
Drupal\views\ViewExecutable->build() (Line: 392)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\display\PathPluginBase->execute() (Line: 196)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\display\Page->execute() (Line: 1635)
Drupal\views\ViewExecutable->executeDisplay('page_1', Array) (Line: 81)
Drupal\views\Element\View::preRenderViewElement(Array)
call_user_func_array(Array, Array) (Line: 101)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback(Array, Array, 'Render #pre_render callbacks must be methods of a class that implements \Drupal\Core\Security\TrustedCallbackInterface or be an anonymous function. The callback was %s. See https://www.drupal.org/node/2966725', 'exception', 'Drupal\Core\Render\Element\RenderCallbackInterface') (Line: 788)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback('#pre_render', Array, Array) (Line: 374)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array, ) (Line: 242)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\{closure}() (Line: 580)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->executeInRenderContext(Object, Object) (Line: 235)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->prepare(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 132)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->renderResponse(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 90)
Drupal\Core\EventSubscriber\MainContentViewSubscriber->onViewRenderArray(Object, 'kernel.view', Object)
call_user_func(Array, Object, 'kernel.view', Object) (Line: 142)
Drupal\Component\EventDispatcher\ContainerAwareEventDispatcher->dispatch(Object, 'kernel.view') (Line: 174)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handleRaw(Object, 1) (Line: 81)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 58)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\Session->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\KernelPreHandle->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 191)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->fetch(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 128)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->lookup(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 82)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\ReverseProxyMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 51)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\NegotiationMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 23)
Stack\StackedHttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 713)
Drupal\Core\DrupalKernel->handle(Object) (Line: 19)

Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property Drupal\mysql\Driver\Database\mysql\Select::$alterMetaData is deprecated in Drupal\Core\Database\Query\Select->addMetaData() (line 178 of core/lib/Drupal/Core/Database/Query/Select.php).

Drupal\Core\Database\Query\Select->addMetaData('views_substitutions', Array) (Line: 1418)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\query\Sql->query() (Line: 1454)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\query\Sql->build(Object) (Line: 1326)
Drupal\views\ViewExecutable->build() (Line: 392)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\display\PathPluginBase->execute() (Line: 196)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\display\Page->execute() (Line: 1635)
Drupal\views\ViewExecutable->executeDisplay('page_1', Array) (Line: 81)
Drupal\views\Element\View::preRenderViewElement(Array)
call_user_func_array(Array, Array) (Line: 101)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback(Array, Array, 'Render #pre_render callbacks must be methods of a class that implements \Drupal\Core\Security\TrustedCallbackInterface or be an anonymous function. The callback was %s. See https://www.drupal.org/node/2966725', 'exception', 'Drupal\Core\Render\Element\RenderCallbackInterface') (Line: 788)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback('#pre_render', Array, Array) (Line: 374)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array, ) (Line: 242)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\{closure}() (Line: 580)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->executeInRenderContext(Object, Object) (Line: 235)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->prepare(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 132)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->renderResponse(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 90)
Drupal\Core\EventSubscriber\MainContentViewSubscriber->onViewRenderArray(Object, 'kernel.view', Object)
call_user_func(Array, Object, 'kernel.view', Object) (Line: 142)
Drupal\Component\EventDispatcher\ContainerAwareEventDispatcher->dispatch(Object, 'kernel.view') (Line: 174)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handleRaw(Object, 1) (Line: 81)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 58)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\Session->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\KernelPreHandle->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 191)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->fetch(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 128)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->lookup(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 82)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\ReverseProxyMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 51)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\NegotiationMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 23)
Stack\StackedHttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 713)
Drupal\Core\DrupalKernel->handle(Object) (Line: 19)

Drupal\Core\Database\Query\Select->addTag('views') (Line: 1316)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\query\Sql->query(1) (Line: 1455)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\query\Sql->build(Object) (Line: 1326)
Drupal\views\ViewExecutable->build() (Line: 392)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\display\PathPluginBase->execute() (Line: 196)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\display\Page->execute() (Line: 1635)
Drupal\views\ViewExecutable->executeDisplay('page_1', Array) (Line: 81)
Drupal\views\Element\View::preRenderViewElement(Array)
call_user_func_array(Array, Array) (Line: 101)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback(Array, Array, 'Render #pre_render callbacks must be methods of a class that implements \Drupal\Core\Security\TrustedCallbackInterface or be an anonymous function. The callback was %s. See https://www.drupal.org/node/2966725', 'exception', 'Drupal\Core\Render\Element\RenderCallbackInterface') (Line: 788)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback('#pre_render', Array, Array) (Line: 374)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array, ) (Line: 242)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\{closure}() (Line: 580)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->executeInRenderContext(Object, Object) (Line: 235)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->prepare(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 132)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->renderResponse(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 90)
Drupal\Core\EventSubscriber\MainContentViewSubscriber->onViewRenderArray(Object, 'kernel.view', Object)
call_user_func(Array, Object, 'kernel.view', Object) (Line: 142)
Drupal\Component\EventDispatcher\ContainerAwareEventDispatcher->dispatch(Object, 'kernel.view') (Line: 174)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handleRaw(Object, 1) (Line: 81)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 58)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\Session->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\KernelPreHandle->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 191)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->fetch(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 128)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->lookup(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 82)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\ReverseProxyMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 51)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\NegotiationMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 23)
Stack\StackedHttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 713)
Drupal\Core\DrupalKernel->handle(Object) (Line: 19)

Drupal\Core\Database\Query\Select->addMetaData('views_substitutions', Array) (Line: 1418)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\query\Sql->query(1) (Line: 1455)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\query\Sql->build(Object) (Line: 1326)
Drupal\views\ViewExecutable->build() (Line: 392)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\display\PathPluginBase->execute() (Line: 196)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\display\Page->execute() (Line: 1635)
Drupal\views\ViewExecutable->executeDisplay('page_1', Array) (Line: 81)
Drupal\views\Element\View::preRenderViewElement(Array)
call_user_func_array(Array, Array) (Line: 101)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback(Array, Array, 'Render #pre_render callbacks must be methods of a class that implements \Drupal\Core\Security\TrustedCallbackInterface or be an anonymous function. The callback was %s. See https://www.drupal.org/node/2966725', 'exception', 'Drupal\Core\Render\Element\RenderCallbackInterface') (Line: 788)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback('#pre_render', Array, Array) (Line: 374)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array, ) (Line: 242)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\{closure}() (Line: 580)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->executeInRenderContext(Object, Object) (Line: 235)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->prepare(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 132)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->renderResponse(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 90)
Drupal\Core\EventSubscriber\MainContentViewSubscriber->onViewRenderArray(Object, 'kernel.view', Object)
call_user_func(Array, Object, 'kernel.view', Object) (Line: 142)
Drupal\Component\EventDispatcher\ContainerAwareEventDispatcher->dispatch(Object, 'kernel.view') (Line: 174)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handleRaw(Object, 1) (Line: 81)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 58)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\Session->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\KernelPreHandle->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 191)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->fetch(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 128)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->lookup(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 82)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\ReverseProxyMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 51)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\NegotiationMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 23)
Stack\StackedHttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 713)
Drupal\Core\DrupalKernel->handle(Object) (Line: 19)

Drupal\Core\Database\Query\Select->addMetaData('entity_type', 'file') (Line: 115)
Drupal\Core\Entity\Query\Sql\Query->prepare() (Line: 80)
Drupal\Core\Entity\Query\Sql\Query->execute() (Line: 640)
Drupal\Core\Entity\EntityStorageBase->loadByProperties(Array) (Line: 63)
Drupal\Core\Entity\EntityRepository->loadEntityByUuid('file', 'insert-max_800_px-3d95e0ea-88c8-4722-b5fa-b126f2c647ae') (Line: 95)
Drupal\editor\Plugin\Filter\EditorFileReference->process('Writing a book is a desire that, consciously or unconsciously, many of us have. At the end of the day, it is proof that we have a certain knowledge on a subject that allows us to adopt that role of "teacher". I -who have spent 25 years dedicating myself to a greater or lesser extent to teaching- always had in mind the idea of writing one, although it was never more than an idea, because too many doubts came to mind: will there be any interested publisher? How long would it take? Do you get a fee per book sold?

All these doubts were suddenly resolved when, in October 2016, I received a call from the commercial director of the <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/grupo-editorial-ra-ma/">RA-MA publishing house</a>, <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/julio-santoro-2392b766/">Julio Santoro</a>. He explained to me that he had seen the courses that I had on a certain eLearning platform and he wanted to propose to me to take one of them to paper format. We arranged a meeting at the editorial offices, he told me the conditions and we signed the contract.

RA-MA had been one of the publishers that had accompanied my university studies (I still have many of those books on my shelves), and my image of this publisher was the best I could have, so, for me, that was one of the better things that could happen to me: I was going to write a book that was going to be published by RA-MA.
<a class="colorbox insert-colorbox" data-colorbox-gallery="gallery-node" data-insert-class="" data-insert-type="image" href="/sites/default/files/2021-06/library.jpg"></a>

Since the base of the book already existed (I had written it to create the original course for that eLearning platform), I hoped that the task was not particularly demanding. However, between completing the text, correcting errors, designing graphics and countless readings looking for things to retouch, I was writing the book for about 4 weeks: practically a month full time. The book was published at the end of December of that 2016. I admit that, over the next few months, whenever I could, I sneaked into the bookstores I passed by to see if they had my book or not. Professional itching...

According to the contract, commission payments would be made from March to June. That period of 2017 arrived and no one from the publisher contacted me. I called the commercial director a couple of times during those months and on both occasions "he happened to be in Barcelona" and, for some reason that I do not know, "he could not return calls". He also did not respond to the two emails I sent him.

I tried to convince myself that the problem was that:

1) either not enough months had elapsed to justify the payment of the associated royalties, or
2) neither the Internet nor the telephone service had reached Barcelona, an option that was not quite convincing for me

It could not be anything else.

However, the following year, 2018, I also did not have any contact from the publisher. At the end of that spring I contacted the by the time executive director of RA-MA and I explained the problem to him. And, after countless comings and goings, in February 2019 the mystery was solved: there had been a simple “configuration problem in the system” (which seems to have included the impossibility of returning a call or an email from Barcelona). 341 books had been sold -in two years-, which meant royalties of € 442. I'm not going to lie to you: I expected a better result.

Surprisingly, in 2020 the same configuration error was reproduced in the system (or some similar error) because, once again, they did not contact me. Not even to pay the corresponding commissions, but at least to inform me if any book had been sold or not over the last year (a scenario that would have fit sportily).

In 2021, more than four and a half years after the beginning of this kind of nightmare -and another year without information from the publisher-, I have tried to contact again by email -without success- with the commercial director, Mr. Santoro, and with the publisher itself, also unanswered.

All this makes me reflect... On the one hand, in the lack of vision of certain companies -or, better, of certain company managers-. Regardless of whether a book is more or less successful, if the author is treated correctly and a healthy and transparent relationship is created between the two parties, the author may have an interest in writing new books. As I said at the beginning, writing a book is -at least as I see it- a way of communicating to the world the fact that you have certain knowledge about something, and the goal does not always have to be to make a profit. On the contrary, this experience makes me think that the plan was to call, I don't know, 1000 potential authors in the hope of convincing 200 and making cash quickly.

On the other hand, I find the piece of the cake that is destined for the author of the work curious. The contract contemplated the payment of 10% of the price of the book in sales in Spain and 5% in sales abroad. The truth is that it does not surprise me much that the sector is in the doldrums.

Finally, I find the degree of “professionalism” that exists in certain companies quite disappointing. I would even say more: if it weren't for the fact that it is happening to me, it would seem unjustifiable that this were true. How can a publisher that has signed a contract with an author not properly inform him of the royalties that correspond to him? How is it possible to consciously and repeatedly breach a contract and be able to sleep peacefully? I could not.

So what are the benefits of writing a technical book? Obviously not the economic one. € 442 for a month of work does not seem like an attractive enough remuneration (okay, I'm being ironic) Increased visibility? Of course. It is always a certain pride to be able to say that you have published a book. Personal satisfaction? I would say yes except for the fact that, simply put, I feel cheated.

And the big question: would I ever write another book? Without a doubt: no. So far it has caused me nothing but headaches, and I don't think this is worth going through again. Someone might think that I have had bad luck, that there are better organized companies than RA-MA and better professionals than those with whom I have had the bad luck to run into. May be. But my advice remains the same: if you want to earn money, visibility or get satisfaction from your creations, consider other options. Today there are many ways to monetize your knowledge and gain that visibility: face-to-face training, publication of free or paid courses on eLearning platforms, open publication of the material on your website or blog, publication of videos on platforms such as YouTube... Fortunately, technology offers us an incredible range of possibilities.

Because, in all honesty, 400 euros is not worth a bad night's sleep...


', 'en') (Line: 118)
Drupal\filter\Element\ProcessedText::preRenderText(Array)
call_user_func_array(Array, Array) (Line: 101)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback(Array, Array, 'Render #pre_render callbacks must be methods of a class that implements \Drupal\Core\Security\TrustedCallbackInterface or be an anonymous function. The callback was %s. See https://www.drupal.org/node/2966725', 'exception', 'Drupal\Core\Render\Element\RenderCallbackInterface') (Line: 788)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback('#pre_render', Array, Array) (Line: 374)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 934)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\field\EntityField->render_item(0, Array) (Line: 1171)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\field\FieldPluginBase->advancedRender(Object) (Line: 238)
template_preprocess_views_view_field(Array, 'views_view_field', Array)
call_user_func_array('template_preprocess_views_view_field', Array) (Line: 287)
Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render('views_view_field', Array) (Line: 433)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 1748)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\field\FieldPluginBase->theme(Object) (Line: 774)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\style\StylePluginBase->elementPreRenderRow(Array)
call_user_func_array(Array, Array) (Line: 101)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback(Array, Array, 'Render #pre_render callbacks must be methods of a class that implements \Drupal\Core\Security\TrustedCallbackInterface or be an anonymous function. The callback was %s. See https://www.drupal.org/node/2966725', 'exception', 'Drupal\Core\Render\Element\RenderCallbackInterface') (Line: 788)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback('#pre_render', Array, Array) (Line: 374)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 713)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\style\StylePluginBase->renderFields(Array) (Line: 579)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\style\StylePluginBase->renderGrouping(Array, Array, 1) (Line: 467)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\style\StylePluginBase->render(Array) (Line: 2169)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\display\DisplayPluginBase->render() (Line: 1538)
Drupal\views\ViewExecutable->render() (Line: 199)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\display\Page->execute() (Line: 1635)
Drupal\views\ViewExecutable->executeDisplay('page_1', Array) (Line: 81)
Drupal\views\Element\View::preRenderViewElement(Array)
call_user_func_array(Array, Array) (Line: 101)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback(Array, Array, 'Render #pre_render callbacks must be methods of a class that implements \Drupal\Core\Security\TrustedCallbackInterface or be an anonymous function. The callback was %s. See https://www.drupal.org/node/2966725', 'exception', 'Drupal\Core\Render\Element\RenderCallbackInterface') (Line: 788)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback('#pre_render', Array, Array) (Line: 374)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array, ) (Line: 242)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\{closure}() (Line: 580)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->executeInRenderContext(Object, Object) (Line: 235)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->prepare(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 132)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->renderResponse(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 90)
Drupal\Core\EventSubscriber\MainContentViewSubscriber->onViewRenderArray(Object, 'kernel.view', Object)
call_user_func(Array, Object, 'kernel.view', Object) (Line: 142)
Drupal\Component\EventDispatcher\ContainerAwareEventDispatcher->dispatch(Object, 'kernel.view') (Line: 174)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handleRaw(Object, 1) (Line: 81)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 58)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\Session->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\KernelPreHandle->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 191)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->fetch(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 128)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->lookup(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 82)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\ReverseProxyMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 51)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\NegotiationMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 23)
Stack\StackedHttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 713)
Drupal\Core\DrupalKernel->handle(Object) (Line: 19)

Drupal\Core\Database\Query\Select->addTag('entity_query') (Line: 147)
Drupal\Core\Entity\Query\Sql\Query->prepare() (Line: 80)
Drupal\Core\Entity\Query\Sql\Query->execute() (Line: 640)
Drupal\Core\Entity\EntityStorageBase->loadByProperties(Array) (Line: 63)
Drupal\Core\Entity\EntityRepository->loadEntityByUuid('file', 'insert-max_800_px-3d95e0ea-88c8-4722-b5fa-b126f2c647ae') (Line: 95)
Drupal\editor\Plugin\Filter\EditorFileReference->process('Writing a book is a desire that, consciously or unconsciously, many of us have. At the end of the day, it is proof that we have a certain knowledge on a subject that allows us to adopt that role of "teacher". I -who have spent 25 years dedicating myself to a greater or lesser extent to teaching- always had in mind the idea of writing one, although it was never more than an idea, because too many doubts came to mind: will there be any interested publisher? How long would it take? Do you get a fee per book sold?

All these doubts were suddenly resolved when, in October 2016, I received a call from the commercial director of the <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/grupo-editorial-ra-ma/">RA-MA publishing house</a>, <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/julio-santoro-2392b766/">Julio Santoro</a>. He explained to me that he had seen the courses that I had on a certain eLearning platform and he wanted to propose to me to take one of them to paper format. We arranged a meeting at the editorial offices, he told me the conditions and we signed the contract.

RA-MA had been one of the publishers that had accompanied my university studies (I still have many of those books on my shelves), and my image of this publisher was the best I could have, so, for me, that was one of the better things that could happen to me: I was going to write a book that was going to be published by RA-MA.
<a class="colorbox insert-colorbox" data-colorbox-gallery="gallery-node" data-insert-class="" data-insert-type="image" href="/sites/default/files/2021-06/library.jpg"></a>

Since the base of the book already existed (I had written it to create the original course for that eLearning platform), I hoped that the task was not particularly demanding. However, between completing the text, correcting errors, designing graphics and countless readings looking for things to retouch, I was writing the book for about 4 weeks: practically a month full time. The book was published at the end of December of that 2016. I admit that, over the next few months, whenever I could, I sneaked into the bookstores I passed by to see if they had my book or not. Professional itching...

According to the contract, commission payments would be made from March to June. That period of 2017 arrived and no one from the publisher contacted me. I called the commercial director a couple of times during those months and on both occasions "he happened to be in Barcelona" and, for some reason that I do not know, "he could not return calls". He also did not respond to the two emails I sent him.

I tried to convince myself that the problem was that:

1) either not enough months had elapsed to justify the payment of the associated royalties, or
2) neither the Internet nor the telephone service had reached Barcelona, an option that was not quite convincing for me

It could not be anything else.

However, the following year, 2018, I also did not have any contact from the publisher. At the end of that spring I contacted the by the time executive director of RA-MA and I explained the problem to him. And, after countless comings and goings, in February 2019 the mystery was solved: there had been a simple “configuration problem in the system” (which seems to have included the impossibility of returning a call or an email from Barcelona). 341 books had been sold -in two years-, which meant royalties of € 442. I'm not going to lie to you: I expected a better result.

Surprisingly, in 2020 the same configuration error was reproduced in the system (or some similar error) because, once again, they did not contact me. Not even to pay the corresponding commissions, but at least to inform me if any book had been sold or not over the last year (a scenario that would have fit sportily).

In 2021, more than four and a half years after the beginning of this kind of nightmare -and another year without information from the publisher-, I have tried to contact again by email -without success- with the commercial director, Mr. Santoro, and with the publisher itself, also unanswered.

All this makes me reflect... On the one hand, in the lack of vision of certain companies -or, better, of certain company managers-. Regardless of whether a book is more or less successful, if the author is treated correctly and a healthy and transparent relationship is created between the two parties, the author may have an interest in writing new books. As I said at the beginning, writing a book is -at least as I see it- a way of communicating to the world the fact that you have certain knowledge about something, and the goal does not always have to be to make a profit. On the contrary, this experience makes me think that the plan was to call, I don't know, 1000 potential authors in the hope of convincing 200 and making cash quickly.

On the other hand, I find the piece of the cake that is destined for the author of the work curious. The contract contemplated the payment of 10% of the price of the book in sales in Spain and 5% in sales abroad. The truth is that it does not surprise me much that the sector is in the doldrums.

Finally, I find the degree of “professionalism” that exists in certain companies quite disappointing. I would even say more: if it weren't for the fact that it is happening to me, it would seem unjustifiable that this were true. How can a publisher that has signed a contract with an author not properly inform him of the royalties that correspond to him? How is it possible to consciously and repeatedly breach a contract and be able to sleep peacefully? I could not.

So what are the benefits of writing a technical book? Obviously not the economic one. € 442 for a month of work does not seem like an attractive enough remuneration (okay, I'm being ironic) Increased visibility? Of course. It is always a certain pride to be able to say that you have published a book. Personal satisfaction? I would say yes except for the fact that, simply put, I feel cheated.

And the big question: would I ever write another book? Without a doubt: no. So far it has caused me nothing but headaches, and I don't think this is worth going through again. Someone might think that I have had bad luck, that there are better organized companies than RA-MA and better professionals than those with whom I have had the bad luck to run into. May be. But my advice remains the same: if you want to earn money, visibility or get satisfaction from your creations, consider other options. Today there are many ways to monetize your knowledge and gain that visibility: face-to-face training, publication of free or paid courses on eLearning platforms, open publication of the material on your website or blog, publication of videos on platforms such as YouTube... Fortunately, technology offers us an incredible range of possibilities.

Because, in all honesty, 400 euros is not worth a bad night's sleep...


', 'en') (Line: 118)
Drupal\filter\Element\ProcessedText::preRenderText(Array)
call_user_func_array(Array, Array) (Line: 101)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback(Array, Array, 'Render #pre_render callbacks must be methods of a class that implements \Drupal\Core\Security\TrustedCallbackInterface or be an anonymous function. The callback was %s. See https://www.drupal.org/node/2966725', 'exception', 'Drupal\Core\Render\Element\RenderCallbackInterface') (Line: 788)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback('#pre_render', Array, Array) (Line: 374)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 934)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\field\EntityField->render_item(0, Array) (Line: 1171)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\field\FieldPluginBase->advancedRender(Object) (Line: 238)
template_preprocess_views_view_field(Array, 'views_view_field', Array)
call_user_func_array('template_preprocess_views_view_field', Array) (Line: 287)
Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render('views_view_field', Array) (Line: 433)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 1748)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\field\FieldPluginBase->theme(Object) (Line: 774)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\style\StylePluginBase->elementPreRenderRow(Array)
call_user_func_array(Array, Array) (Line: 101)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback(Array, Array, 'Render #pre_render callbacks must be methods of a class that implements \Drupal\Core\Security\TrustedCallbackInterface or be an anonymous function. The callback was %s. See https://www.drupal.org/node/2966725', 'exception', 'Drupal\Core\Render\Element\RenderCallbackInterface') (Line: 788)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback('#pre_render', Array, Array) (Line: 374)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 713)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\style\StylePluginBase->renderFields(Array) (Line: 579)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\style\StylePluginBase->renderGrouping(Array, Array, 1) (Line: 467)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\style\StylePluginBase->render(Array) (Line: 2169)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\display\DisplayPluginBase->render() (Line: 1538)
Drupal\views\ViewExecutable->render() (Line: 199)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\display\Page->execute() (Line: 1635)
Drupal\views\ViewExecutable->executeDisplay('page_1', Array) (Line: 81)
Drupal\views\Element\View::preRenderViewElement(Array)
call_user_func_array(Array, Array) (Line: 101)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback(Array, Array, 'Render #pre_render callbacks must be methods of a class that implements \Drupal\Core\Security\TrustedCallbackInterface or be an anonymous function. The callback was %s. See https://www.drupal.org/node/2966725', 'exception', 'Drupal\Core\Render\Element\RenderCallbackInterface') (Line: 788)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback('#pre_render', Array, Array) (Line: 374)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array, ) (Line: 242)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\{closure}() (Line: 580)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->executeInRenderContext(Object, Object) (Line: 235)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->prepare(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 132)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->renderResponse(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 90)
Drupal\Core\EventSubscriber\MainContentViewSubscriber->onViewRenderArray(Object, 'kernel.view', Object)
call_user_func(Array, Object, 'kernel.view', Object) (Line: 142)
Drupal\Component\EventDispatcher\ContainerAwareEventDispatcher->dispatch(Object, 'kernel.view') (Line: 174)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handleRaw(Object, 1) (Line: 81)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 58)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\Session->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\KernelPreHandle->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 191)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->fetch(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 128)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->lookup(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 82)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\ReverseProxyMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 51)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\NegotiationMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 23)
Stack\StackedHttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 713)
Drupal\Core\DrupalKernel->handle(Object) (Line: 19)

Drupal\Core\Database\Query\Select->addMetaData('entity_type', 'file') (Line: 115)
Drupal\Core\Entity\Query\Sql\Query->prepare() (Line: 80)
Drupal\Core\Entity\Query\Sql\Query->execute() (Line: 640)
Drupal\Core\Entity\EntityStorageBase->loadByProperties(Array) (Line: 63)
Drupal\Core\Entity\EntityRepository->loadEntityByUuid('file', 'insert-max_800_px-3d95e0ea-88c8-4722-b5fa-b126f2c647ae') (Line: 124)
Drupal\editor\Plugin\Filter\EditorFileReference->process('Writing a book is a desire that, consciously or unconsciously, many of us have. At the end of the day, it is proof that we have a certain knowledge on a subject that allows us to adopt that role of "teacher". I -who have spent 25 years dedicating myself to a greater or lesser extent to teaching- always had in mind the idea of writing one, although it was never more than an idea, because too many doubts came to mind: will there be any interested publisher? How long would it take? Do you get a fee per book sold?

All these doubts were suddenly resolved when, in October 2016, I received a call from the commercial director of the <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/grupo-editorial-ra-ma/">RA-MA publishing house</a>, <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/julio-santoro-2392b766/">Julio Santoro</a>. He explained to me that he had seen the courses that I had on a certain eLearning platform and he wanted to propose to me to take one of them to paper format. We arranged a meeting at the editorial offices, he told me the conditions and we signed the contract.

RA-MA had been one of the publishers that had accompanied my university studies (I still have many of those books on my shelves), and my image of this publisher was the best I could have, so, for me, that was one of the better things that could happen to me: I was going to write a book that was going to be published by RA-MA.
<a class="colorbox insert-colorbox" data-colorbox-gallery="gallery-node" data-insert-class="" data-insert-type="image" href="/sites/default/files/2021-06/library.jpg"></a>

Since the base of the book already existed (I had written it to create the original course for that eLearning platform), I hoped that the task was not particularly demanding. However, between completing the text, correcting errors, designing graphics and countless readings looking for things to retouch, I was writing the book for about 4 weeks: practically a month full time. The book was published at the end of December of that 2016. I admit that, over the next few months, whenever I could, I sneaked into the bookstores I passed by to see if they had my book or not. Professional itching...

According to the contract, commission payments would be made from March to June. That period of 2017 arrived and no one from the publisher contacted me. I called the commercial director a couple of times during those months and on both occasions "he happened to be in Barcelona" and, for some reason that I do not know, "he could not return calls". He also did not respond to the two emails I sent him.

I tried to convince myself that the problem was that:

1) either not enough months had elapsed to justify the payment of the associated royalties, or
2) neither the Internet nor the telephone service had reached Barcelona, an option that was not quite convincing for me

It could not be anything else.

However, the following year, 2018, I also did not have any contact from the publisher. At the end of that spring I contacted the by the time executive director of RA-MA and I explained the problem to him. And, after countless comings and goings, in February 2019 the mystery was solved: there had been a simple “configuration problem in the system” (which seems to have included the impossibility of returning a call or an email from Barcelona). 341 books had been sold -in two years-, which meant royalties of € 442. I'm not going to lie to you: I expected a better result.

Surprisingly, in 2020 the same configuration error was reproduced in the system (or some similar error) because, once again, they did not contact me. Not even to pay the corresponding commissions, but at least to inform me if any book had been sold or not over the last year (a scenario that would have fit sportily).

In 2021, more than four and a half years after the beginning of this kind of nightmare -and another year without information from the publisher-, I have tried to contact again by email -without success- with the commercial director, Mr. Santoro, and with the publisher itself, also unanswered.

All this makes me reflect... On the one hand, in the lack of vision of certain companies -or, better, of certain company managers-. Regardless of whether a book is more or less successful, if the author is treated correctly and a healthy and transparent relationship is created between the two parties, the author may have an interest in writing new books. As I said at the beginning, writing a book is -at least as I see it- a way of communicating to the world the fact that you have certain knowledge about something, and the goal does not always have to be to make a profit. On the contrary, this experience makes me think that the plan was to call, I don't know, 1000 potential authors in the hope of convincing 200 and making cash quickly.

On the other hand, I find the piece of the cake that is destined for the author of the work curious. The contract contemplated the payment of 10% of the price of the book in sales in Spain and 5% in sales abroad. The truth is that it does not surprise me much that the sector is in the doldrums.

Finally, I find the degree of “professionalism” that exists in certain companies quite disappointing. I would even say more: if it weren't for the fact that it is happening to me, it would seem unjustifiable that this were true. How can a publisher that has signed a contract with an author not properly inform him of the royalties that correspond to him? How is it possible to consciously and repeatedly breach a contract and be able to sleep peacefully? I could not.

So what are the benefits of writing a technical book? Obviously not the economic one. € 442 for a month of work does not seem like an attractive enough remuneration (okay, I'm being ironic) Increased visibility? Of course. It is always a certain pride to be able to say that you have published a book. Personal satisfaction? I would say yes except for the fact that, simply put, I feel cheated.

And the big question: would I ever write another book? Without a doubt: no. So far it has caused me nothing but headaches, and I don't think this is worth going through again. Someone might think that I have had bad luck, that there are better organized companies than RA-MA and better professionals than those with whom I have had the bad luck to run into. May be. But my advice remains the same: if you want to earn money, visibility or get satisfaction from your creations, consider other options. Today there are many ways to monetize your knowledge and gain that visibility: face-to-face training, publication of free or paid courses on eLearning platforms, open publication of the material on your website or blog, publication of videos on platforms such as YouTube... Fortunately, technology offers us an incredible range of possibilities.

Because, in all honesty, 400 euros is not worth a bad night's sleep...


', 'en') (Line: 118)
Drupal\filter\Element\ProcessedText::preRenderText(Array)
call_user_func_array(Array, Array) (Line: 101)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback(Array, Array, 'Render #pre_render callbacks must be methods of a class that implements \Drupal\Core\Security\TrustedCallbackInterface or be an anonymous function. The callback was %s. See https://www.drupal.org/node/2966725', 'exception', 'Drupal\Core\Render\Element\RenderCallbackInterface') (Line: 788)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback('#pre_render', Array, Array) (Line: 374)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 934)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\field\EntityField->render_item(0, Array) (Line: 1171)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\field\FieldPluginBase->advancedRender(Object) (Line: 238)
template_preprocess_views_view_field(Array, 'views_view_field', Array)
call_user_func_array('template_preprocess_views_view_field', Array) (Line: 287)
Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render('views_view_field', Array) (Line: 433)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 1748)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\field\FieldPluginBase->theme(Object) (Line: 774)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\style\StylePluginBase->elementPreRenderRow(Array)
call_user_func_array(Array, Array) (Line: 101)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback(Array, Array, 'Render #pre_render callbacks must be methods of a class that implements \Drupal\Core\Security\TrustedCallbackInterface or be an anonymous function. The callback was %s. See https://www.drupal.org/node/2966725', 'exception', 'Drupal\Core\Render\Element\RenderCallbackInterface') (Line: 788)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback('#pre_render', Array, Array) (Line: 374)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 713)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\style\StylePluginBase->renderFields(Array) (Line: 579)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\style\StylePluginBase->renderGrouping(Array, Array, 1) (Line: 467)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\style\StylePluginBase->render(Array) (Line: 2169)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\display\DisplayPluginBase->render() (Line: 1538)
Drupal\views\ViewExecutable->render() (Line: 199)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\display\Page->execute() (Line: 1635)
Drupal\views\ViewExecutable->executeDisplay('page_1', Array) (Line: 81)
Drupal\views\Element\View::preRenderViewElement(Array)
call_user_func_array(Array, Array) (Line: 101)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback(Array, Array, 'Render #pre_render callbacks must be methods of a class that implements \Drupal\Core\Security\TrustedCallbackInterface or be an anonymous function. The callback was %s. See https://www.drupal.org/node/2966725', 'exception', 'Drupal\Core\Render\Element\RenderCallbackInterface') (Line: 788)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback('#pre_render', Array, Array) (Line: 374)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array, ) (Line: 242)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\{closure}() (Line: 580)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->executeInRenderContext(Object, Object) (Line: 235)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->prepare(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 132)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->renderResponse(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 90)
Drupal\Core\EventSubscriber\MainContentViewSubscriber->onViewRenderArray(Object, 'kernel.view', Object)
call_user_func(Array, Object, 'kernel.view', Object) (Line: 142)
Drupal\Component\EventDispatcher\ContainerAwareEventDispatcher->dispatch(Object, 'kernel.view') (Line: 174)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handleRaw(Object, 1) (Line: 81)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 58)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\Session->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\KernelPreHandle->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 191)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->fetch(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 128)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->lookup(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 82)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\ReverseProxyMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 51)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\NegotiationMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 23)
Stack\StackedHttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 713)
Drupal\Core\DrupalKernel->handle(Object) (Line: 19)

Drupal\Core\Database\Query\Select->addTag('entity_query') (Line: 147)
Drupal\Core\Entity\Query\Sql\Query->prepare() (Line: 80)
Drupal\Core\Entity\Query\Sql\Query->execute() (Line: 640)
Drupal\Core\Entity\EntityStorageBase->loadByProperties(Array) (Line: 63)
Drupal\Core\Entity\EntityRepository->loadEntityByUuid('file', 'insert-max_800_px-3d95e0ea-88c8-4722-b5fa-b126f2c647ae') (Line: 124)
Drupal\editor\Plugin\Filter\EditorFileReference->process('Writing a book is a desire that, consciously or unconsciously, many of us have. At the end of the day, it is proof that we have a certain knowledge on a subject that allows us to adopt that role of "teacher". I -who have spent 25 years dedicating myself to a greater or lesser extent to teaching- always had in mind the idea of writing one, although it was never more than an idea, because too many doubts came to mind: will there be any interested publisher? How long would it take? Do you get a fee per book sold?

All these doubts were suddenly resolved when, in October 2016, I received a call from the commercial director of the <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/grupo-editorial-ra-ma/">RA-MA publishing house</a>, <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/julio-santoro-2392b766/">Julio Santoro</a>. He explained to me that he had seen the courses that I had on a certain eLearning platform and he wanted to propose to me to take one of them to paper format. We arranged a meeting at the editorial offices, he told me the conditions and we signed the contract.

RA-MA had been one of the publishers that had accompanied my university studies (I still have many of those books on my shelves), and my image of this publisher was the best I could have, so, for me, that was one of the better things that could happen to me: I was going to write a book that was going to be published by RA-MA.
<a class="colorbox insert-colorbox" data-colorbox-gallery="gallery-node" data-insert-class="" data-insert-type="image" href="/sites/default/files/2021-06/library.jpg"></a>

Since the base of the book already existed (I had written it to create the original course for that eLearning platform), I hoped that the task was not particularly demanding. However, between completing the text, correcting errors, designing graphics and countless readings looking for things to retouch, I was writing the book for about 4 weeks: practically a month full time. The book was published at the end of December of that 2016. I admit that, over the next few months, whenever I could, I sneaked into the bookstores I passed by to see if they had my book or not. Professional itching...

According to the contract, commission payments would be made from March to June. That period of 2017 arrived and no one from the publisher contacted me. I called the commercial director a couple of times during those months and on both occasions "he happened to be in Barcelona" and, for some reason that I do not know, "he could not return calls". He also did not respond to the two emails I sent him.

I tried to convince myself that the problem was that:

1) either not enough months had elapsed to justify the payment of the associated royalties, or
2) neither the Internet nor the telephone service had reached Barcelona, an option that was not quite convincing for me

It could not be anything else.

However, the following year, 2018, I also did not have any contact from the publisher. At the end of that spring I contacted the by the time executive director of RA-MA and I explained the problem to him. And, after countless comings and goings, in February 2019 the mystery was solved: there had been a simple “configuration problem in the system” (which seems to have included the impossibility of returning a call or an email from Barcelona). 341 books had been sold -in two years-, which meant royalties of € 442. I'm not going to lie to you: I expected a better result.

Surprisingly, in 2020 the same configuration error was reproduced in the system (or some similar error) because, once again, they did not contact me. Not even to pay the corresponding commissions, but at least to inform me if any book had been sold or not over the last year (a scenario that would have fit sportily).

In 2021, more than four and a half years after the beginning of this kind of nightmare -and another year without information from the publisher-, I have tried to contact again by email -without success- with the commercial director, Mr. Santoro, and with the publisher itself, also unanswered.

All this makes me reflect... On the one hand, in the lack of vision of certain companies -or, better, of certain company managers-. Regardless of whether a book is more or less successful, if the author is treated correctly and a healthy and transparent relationship is created between the two parties, the author may have an interest in writing new books. As I said at the beginning, writing a book is -at least as I see it- a way of communicating to the world the fact that you have certain knowledge about something, and the goal does not always have to be to make a profit. On the contrary, this experience makes me think that the plan was to call, I don't know, 1000 potential authors in the hope of convincing 200 and making cash quickly.

On the other hand, I find the piece of the cake that is destined for the author of the work curious. The contract contemplated the payment of 10% of the price of the book in sales in Spain and 5% in sales abroad. The truth is that it does not surprise me much that the sector is in the doldrums.

Finally, I find the degree of “professionalism” that exists in certain companies quite disappointing. I would even say more: if it weren't for the fact that it is happening to me, it would seem unjustifiable that this were true. How can a publisher that has signed a contract with an author not properly inform him of the royalties that correspond to him? How is it possible to consciously and repeatedly breach a contract and be able to sleep peacefully? I could not.

So what are the benefits of writing a technical book? Obviously not the economic one. € 442 for a month of work does not seem like an attractive enough remuneration (okay, I'm being ironic) Increased visibility? Of course. It is always a certain pride to be able to say that you have published a book. Personal satisfaction? I would say yes except for the fact that, simply put, I feel cheated.

And the big question: would I ever write another book? Without a doubt: no. So far it has caused me nothing but headaches, and I don't think this is worth going through again. Someone might think that I have had bad luck, that there are better organized companies than RA-MA and better professionals than those with whom I have had the bad luck to run into. May be. But my advice remains the same: if you want to earn money, visibility or get satisfaction from your creations, consider other options. Today there are many ways to monetize your knowledge and gain that visibility: face-to-face training, publication of free or paid courses on eLearning platforms, open publication of the material on your website or blog, publication of videos on platforms such as YouTube... Fortunately, technology offers us an incredible range of possibilities.

Because, in all honesty, 400 euros is not worth a bad night's sleep...


', 'en') (Line: 118)
Drupal\filter\Element\ProcessedText::preRenderText(Array)
call_user_func_array(Array, Array) (Line: 101)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback(Array, Array, 'Render #pre_render callbacks must be methods of a class that implements \Drupal\Core\Security\TrustedCallbackInterface or be an anonymous function. The callback was %s. See https://www.drupal.org/node/2966725', 'exception', 'Drupal\Core\Render\Element\RenderCallbackInterface') (Line: 788)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback('#pre_render', Array, Array) (Line: 374)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 934)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\field\EntityField->render_item(0, Array) (Line: 1171)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\field\FieldPluginBase->advancedRender(Object) (Line: 238)
template_preprocess_views_view_field(Array, 'views_view_field', Array)
call_user_func_array('template_preprocess_views_view_field', Array) (Line: 287)
Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render('views_view_field', Array) (Line: 433)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 1748)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\field\FieldPluginBase->theme(Object) (Line: 774)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\style\StylePluginBase->elementPreRenderRow(Array)
call_user_func_array(Array, Array) (Line: 101)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback(Array, Array, 'Render #pre_render callbacks must be methods of a class that implements \Drupal\Core\Security\TrustedCallbackInterface or be an anonymous function. The callback was %s. See https://www.drupal.org/node/2966725', 'exception', 'Drupal\Core\Render\Element\RenderCallbackInterface') (Line: 788)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback('#pre_render', Array, Array) (Line: 374)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 713)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\style\StylePluginBase->renderFields(Array) (Line: 579)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\style\StylePluginBase->renderGrouping(Array, Array, 1) (Line: 467)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\style\StylePluginBase->render(Array) (Line: 2169)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\display\DisplayPluginBase->render() (Line: 1538)
Drupal\views\ViewExecutable->render() (Line: 199)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\display\Page->execute() (Line: 1635)
Drupal\views\ViewExecutable->executeDisplay('page_1', Array) (Line: 81)
Drupal\views\Element\View::preRenderViewElement(Array)
call_user_func_array(Array, Array) (Line: 101)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback(Array, Array, 'Render #pre_render callbacks must be methods of a class that implements \Drupal\Core\Security\TrustedCallbackInterface or be an anonymous function. The callback was %s. See https://www.drupal.org/node/2966725', 'exception', 'Drupal\Core\Render\Element\RenderCallbackInterface') (Line: 788)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback('#pre_render', Array, Array) (Line: 374)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array, ) (Line: 242)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\{closure}() (Line: 580)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->executeInRenderContext(Object, Object) (Line: 235)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->prepare(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 132)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->renderResponse(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 90)
Drupal\Core\EventSubscriber\MainContentViewSubscriber->onViewRenderArray(Object, 'kernel.view', Object)
call_user_func(Array, Object, 'kernel.view', Object) (Line: 142)
Drupal\Component\EventDispatcher\ContainerAwareEventDispatcher->dispatch(Object, 'kernel.view') (Line: 174)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handleRaw(Object, 1) (Line: 81)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 58)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\Session->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\KernelPreHandle->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 191)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->fetch(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 128)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->lookup(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 82)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\ReverseProxyMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 51)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\NegotiationMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 23)
Stack\StackedHttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 713)
Drupal\Core\DrupalKernel->handle(Object) (Line: 19)

Drupal\Core\Database\Query\Select->addMetaData('entity_type', 'file') (Line: 115)
Drupal\Core\Entity\Query\Sql\Query->prepare() (Line: 80)
Drupal\Core\Entity\Query\Sql\Query->execute() (Line: 640)
Drupal\Core\Entity\EntityStorageBase->loadByProperties(Array) (Line: 63)
Drupal\Core\Entity\EntityRepository->loadEntityByUuid('file', 'insert-max_800_px-77e9a037-c16c-4d2e-9f99-6bf92ede7720') (Line: 95)
Drupal\editor\Plugin\Filter\EditorFileReference->process('I recently had the opportunity to attend a presentation on the " <em>justice</em> " and " <em>injustice</em> " of algorithms. The concept of bias in the algorithms was raised (due to decompensated, insufficient data, etc.) and it was raised how the algorithms should be trained so that they do not pose differences in “ <em>sensitive</em> ” variables (age, sex, race ...) . At one point the speaker commented something like “ <em>… because, if we are talking about predicting the solvency of applicants for a loan, there should be no differences between men and women, right?</em> ”, Awaiting the acquiescence of the public. The thought that went through my head was “ <em>Well I don't know, I would need data. Because if we were talking about predicting a driver's accident risk, it could also be expected that there would be no difference between men and women. Or if we were talking about the brand of a long-distance runner, it could also be expected that there would be no differences between runners of what we call 'white race' and those of 'black race'. Or if we were talking about the estimation of a person's life, it could also be expected that there would be no differences between men and women</em> ”. But the reality is stubborn, and women have fewer accidents than men, black runners have much better marks than white runners, and men live less than women. I quickly came to the conclusion that that presentation was not dedicated to the justice and injustice of algorithms, but to what is now interpreted as " <em>politically correct</em> " or " <em>incorrect</em> ".
<a class="colorbox insert-colorbox" data-colorbox-gallery="gallery-node" data-insert-class="" data-insert-type="image" href="/sites/default/files/2019-10/corredores_de_fondo_0.jpg"></a>

The problem with forcing an algorithm to make its result "politically correct" is that we may simply be turning our backs on reality. Without denying in any way that under certain conditions positive discrimination is desirable, the risk we run in trying to impose an ideology on reality can be high. I imagined a doctor analyzing the possibility that a tumor that affects men and women differently is malignant or benign, is in one stage of development or another, that is of one type or another. A quick search on the Internet offers us an infinite number of cases: an example could be the " <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/noticias/temas-y-relatos-blog/2019/glioblastoma-tratamiento-respuesta-diferencia-por-sexo">Study of glioblastoma highlights sex differences in brain cancer</a> ", from <strong>the National Cancer Institute</strong> (first result that the search offered me). In my opinion, ensuring that so-called "fairness" of the algorithm can be the biggest bias we can commit and - in cases like the one mentioned above for brain cancer - we may even be putting a person's life in danger.

So, back to the initial question of <em>do men and women offer the same creditworthiness?</em> my answer was still “ <em>I don't know, as fair or unfair as it may seem. Perhaps they or they are more or less cautious, more or less practical, or better or worse managers. I don't know, nor do I want to prejudge them</em> ”. And this without counting on the fact that no one would rely on a univariate analysis to make a decision of this type. Reality is infinitely more complex and the way in which a variable such as gender or race influences a prediction is much more subtle than it may appear. In a case like this, we may not be putting anyone's life in danger, but we are running the risk of distorting reality for the sake of “social justice”.

I admit that after these thoughts went through my head, I stopped paying attention to the presentation.

Image: <a href="https://elpais.com/deportes/2019/10/11/actualidad/1570788596_566559.html">Kipchoge, with the athletes who accompanied him in the marathon on October 12, 2019, Reuters Agency</a>


', 'en') (Line: 118)
Drupal\filter\Element\ProcessedText::preRenderText(Array)
call_user_func_array(Array, Array) (Line: 101)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback(Array, Array, 'Render #pre_render callbacks must be methods of a class that implements \Drupal\Core\Security\TrustedCallbackInterface or be an anonymous function. The callback was %s. See https://www.drupal.org/node/2966725', 'exception', 'Drupal\Core\Render\Element\RenderCallbackInterface') (Line: 788)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback('#pre_render', Array, Array) (Line: 374)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 934)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\field\EntityField->render_item(0, Array) (Line: 1171)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\field\FieldPluginBase->advancedRender(Object) (Line: 238)
template_preprocess_views_view_field(Array, 'views_view_field', Array)
call_user_func_array('template_preprocess_views_view_field', Array) (Line: 287)
Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render('views_view_field', Array) (Line: 433)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 1748)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\field\FieldPluginBase->theme(Object) (Line: 774)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\style\StylePluginBase->elementPreRenderRow(Array)
call_user_func_array(Array, Array) (Line: 101)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback(Array, Array, 'Render #pre_render callbacks must be methods of a class that implements \Drupal\Core\Security\TrustedCallbackInterface or be an anonymous function. The callback was %s. See https://www.drupal.org/node/2966725', 'exception', 'Drupal\Core\Render\Element\RenderCallbackInterface') (Line: 788)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback('#pre_render', Array, Array) (Line: 374)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 713)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\style\StylePluginBase->renderFields(Array) (Line: 579)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\style\StylePluginBase->renderGrouping(Array, Array, 1) (Line: 467)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\style\StylePluginBase->render(Array) (Line: 2169)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\display\DisplayPluginBase->render() (Line: 1538)
Drupal\views\ViewExecutable->render() (Line: 199)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\display\Page->execute() (Line: 1635)
Drupal\views\ViewExecutable->executeDisplay('page_1', Array) (Line: 81)
Drupal\views\Element\View::preRenderViewElement(Array)
call_user_func_array(Array, Array) (Line: 101)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback(Array, Array, 'Render #pre_render callbacks must be methods of a class that implements \Drupal\Core\Security\TrustedCallbackInterface or be an anonymous function. The callback was %s. See https://www.drupal.org/node/2966725', 'exception', 'Drupal\Core\Render\Element\RenderCallbackInterface') (Line: 788)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback('#pre_render', Array, Array) (Line: 374)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array, ) (Line: 242)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\{closure}() (Line: 580)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->executeInRenderContext(Object, Object) (Line: 235)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->prepare(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 132)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->renderResponse(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 90)
Drupal\Core\EventSubscriber\MainContentViewSubscriber->onViewRenderArray(Object, 'kernel.view', Object)
call_user_func(Array, Object, 'kernel.view', Object) (Line: 142)
Drupal\Component\EventDispatcher\ContainerAwareEventDispatcher->dispatch(Object, 'kernel.view') (Line: 174)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handleRaw(Object, 1) (Line: 81)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 58)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\Session->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\KernelPreHandle->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 191)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->fetch(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 128)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->lookup(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 82)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\ReverseProxyMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 51)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\NegotiationMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 23)
Stack\StackedHttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 713)
Drupal\Core\DrupalKernel->handle(Object) (Line: 19)

Drupal\Core\Database\Query\Select->addTag('entity_query') (Line: 147)
Drupal\Core\Entity\Query\Sql\Query->prepare() (Line: 80)
Drupal\Core\Entity\Query\Sql\Query->execute() (Line: 640)
Drupal\Core\Entity\EntityStorageBase->loadByProperties(Array) (Line: 63)
Drupal\Core\Entity\EntityRepository->loadEntityByUuid('file', 'insert-max_800_px-77e9a037-c16c-4d2e-9f99-6bf92ede7720') (Line: 95)
Drupal\editor\Plugin\Filter\EditorFileReference->process('I recently had the opportunity to attend a presentation on the " <em>justice</em> " and " <em>injustice</em> " of algorithms. The concept of bias in the algorithms was raised (due to decompensated, insufficient data, etc.) and it was raised how the algorithms should be trained so that they do not pose differences in “ <em>sensitive</em> ” variables (age, sex, race ...) . At one point the speaker commented something like “ <em>… because, if we are talking about predicting the solvency of applicants for a loan, there should be no differences between men and women, right?</em> ”, Awaiting the acquiescence of the public. The thought that went through my head was “ <em>Well I don't know, I would need data. Because if we were talking about predicting a driver's accident risk, it could also be expected that there would be no difference between men and women. Or if we were talking about the brand of a long-distance runner, it could also be expected that there would be no differences between runners of what we call 'white race' and those of 'black race'. Or if we were talking about the estimation of a person's life, it could also be expected that there would be no differences between men and women</em> ”. But the reality is stubborn, and women have fewer accidents than men, black runners have much better marks than white runners, and men live less than women. I quickly came to the conclusion that that presentation was not dedicated to the justice and injustice of algorithms, but to what is now interpreted as " <em>politically correct</em> " or " <em>incorrect</em> ".
<a class="colorbox insert-colorbox" data-colorbox-gallery="gallery-node" data-insert-class="" data-insert-type="image" href="/sites/default/files/2019-10/corredores_de_fondo_0.jpg"></a>

The problem with forcing an algorithm to make its result "politically correct" is that we may simply be turning our backs on reality. Without denying in any way that under certain conditions positive discrimination is desirable, the risk we run in trying to impose an ideology on reality can be high. I imagined a doctor analyzing the possibility that a tumor that affects men and women differently is malignant or benign, is in one stage of development or another, that is of one type or another. A quick search on the Internet offers us an infinite number of cases: an example could be the " <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/noticias/temas-y-relatos-blog/2019/glioblastoma-tratamiento-respuesta-diferencia-por-sexo">Study of glioblastoma highlights sex differences in brain cancer</a> ", from <strong>the National Cancer Institute</strong> (first result that the search offered me). In my opinion, ensuring that so-called "fairness" of the algorithm can be the biggest bias we can commit and - in cases like the one mentioned above for brain cancer - we may even be putting a person's life in danger.

So, back to the initial question of <em>do men and women offer the same creditworthiness?</em> my answer was still “ <em>I don't know, as fair or unfair as it may seem. Perhaps they or they are more or less cautious, more or less practical, or better or worse managers. I don't know, nor do I want to prejudge them</em> ”. And this without counting on the fact that no one would rely on a univariate analysis to make a decision of this type. Reality is infinitely more complex and the way in which a variable such as gender or race influences a prediction is much more subtle than it may appear. In a case like this, we may not be putting anyone's life in danger, but we are running the risk of distorting reality for the sake of “social justice”.

I admit that after these thoughts went through my head, I stopped paying attention to the presentation.

Image: <a href="https://elpais.com/deportes/2019/10/11/actualidad/1570788596_566559.html">Kipchoge, with the athletes who accompanied him in the marathon on October 12, 2019, Reuters Agency</a>


', 'en') (Line: 118)
Drupal\filter\Element\ProcessedText::preRenderText(Array)
call_user_func_array(Array, Array) (Line: 101)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback(Array, Array, 'Render #pre_render callbacks must be methods of a class that implements \Drupal\Core\Security\TrustedCallbackInterface or be an anonymous function. The callback was %s. See https://www.drupal.org/node/2966725', 'exception', 'Drupal\Core\Render\Element\RenderCallbackInterface') (Line: 788)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback('#pre_render', Array, Array) (Line: 374)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 934)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\field\EntityField->render_item(0, Array) (Line: 1171)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\field\FieldPluginBase->advancedRender(Object) (Line: 238)
template_preprocess_views_view_field(Array, 'views_view_field', Array)
call_user_func_array('template_preprocess_views_view_field', Array) (Line: 287)
Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render('views_view_field', Array) (Line: 433)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 1748)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\field\FieldPluginBase->theme(Object) (Line: 774)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\style\StylePluginBase->elementPreRenderRow(Array)
call_user_func_array(Array, Array) (Line: 101)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback(Array, Array, 'Render #pre_render callbacks must be methods of a class that implements \Drupal\Core\Security\TrustedCallbackInterface or be an anonymous function. The callback was %s. See https://www.drupal.org/node/2966725', 'exception', 'Drupal\Core\Render\Element\RenderCallbackInterface') (Line: 788)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback('#pre_render', Array, Array) (Line: 374)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 713)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\style\StylePluginBase->renderFields(Array) (Line: 579)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\style\StylePluginBase->renderGrouping(Array, Array, 1) (Line: 467)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\style\StylePluginBase->render(Array) (Line: 2169)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\display\DisplayPluginBase->render() (Line: 1538)
Drupal\views\ViewExecutable->render() (Line: 199)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\display\Page->execute() (Line: 1635)
Drupal\views\ViewExecutable->executeDisplay('page_1', Array) (Line: 81)
Drupal\views\Element\View::preRenderViewElement(Array)
call_user_func_array(Array, Array) (Line: 101)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback(Array, Array, 'Render #pre_render callbacks must be methods of a class that implements \Drupal\Core\Security\TrustedCallbackInterface or be an anonymous function. The callback was %s. See https://www.drupal.org/node/2966725', 'exception', 'Drupal\Core\Render\Element\RenderCallbackInterface') (Line: 788)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback('#pre_render', Array, Array) (Line: 374)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array, ) (Line: 242)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\{closure}() (Line: 580)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->executeInRenderContext(Object, Object) (Line: 235)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->prepare(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 132)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->renderResponse(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 90)
Drupal\Core\EventSubscriber\MainContentViewSubscriber->onViewRenderArray(Object, 'kernel.view', Object)
call_user_func(Array, Object, 'kernel.view', Object) (Line: 142)
Drupal\Component\EventDispatcher\ContainerAwareEventDispatcher->dispatch(Object, 'kernel.view') (Line: 174)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handleRaw(Object, 1) (Line: 81)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 58)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\Session->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\KernelPreHandle->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 191)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->fetch(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 128)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->lookup(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 82)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\ReverseProxyMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 51)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\NegotiationMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 23)
Stack\StackedHttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 713)
Drupal\Core\DrupalKernel->handle(Object) (Line: 19)

Drupal\Core\Database\Query\Select->addMetaData('entity_type', 'file') (Line: 115)
Drupal\Core\Entity\Query\Sql\Query->prepare() (Line: 80)
Drupal\Core\Entity\Query\Sql\Query->execute() (Line: 640)
Drupal\Core\Entity\EntityStorageBase->loadByProperties(Array) (Line: 63)
Drupal\Core\Entity\EntityRepository->loadEntityByUuid('file', 'insert-max_800_px-77e9a037-c16c-4d2e-9f99-6bf92ede7720') (Line: 124)
Drupal\editor\Plugin\Filter\EditorFileReference->process('I recently had the opportunity to attend a presentation on the " <em>justice</em> " and " <em>injustice</em> " of algorithms. The concept of bias in the algorithms was raised (due to decompensated, insufficient data, etc.) and it was raised how the algorithms should be trained so that they do not pose differences in “ <em>sensitive</em> ” variables (age, sex, race ...) . At one point the speaker commented something like “ <em>… because, if we are talking about predicting the solvency of applicants for a loan, there should be no differences between men and women, right?</em> ”, Awaiting the acquiescence of the public. The thought that went through my head was “ <em>Well I don't know, I would need data. Because if we were talking about predicting a driver's accident risk, it could also be expected that there would be no difference between men and women. Or if we were talking about the brand of a long-distance runner, it could also be expected that there would be no differences between runners of what we call 'white race' and those of 'black race'. Or if we were talking about the estimation of a person's life, it could also be expected that there would be no differences between men and women</em> ”. But the reality is stubborn, and women have fewer accidents than men, black runners have much better marks than white runners, and men live less than women. I quickly came to the conclusion that that presentation was not dedicated to the justice and injustice of algorithms, but to what is now interpreted as " <em>politically correct</em> " or " <em>incorrect</em> ".
<a class="colorbox insert-colorbox" data-colorbox-gallery="gallery-node" data-insert-class="" data-insert-type="image" href="/sites/default/files/2019-10/corredores_de_fondo_0.jpg"></a>

The problem with forcing an algorithm to make its result "politically correct" is that we may simply be turning our backs on reality. Without denying in any way that under certain conditions positive discrimination is desirable, the risk we run in trying to impose an ideology on reality can be high. I imagined a doctor analyzing the possibility that a tumor that affects men and women differently is malignant or benign, is in one stage of development or another, that is of one type or another. A quick search on the Internet offers us an infinite number of cases: an example could be the " <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/noticias/temas-y-relatos-blog/2019/glioblastoma-tratamiento-respuesta-diferencia-por-sexo">Study of glioblastoma highlights sex differences in brain cancer</a> ", from <strong>the National Cancer Institute</strong> (first result that the search offered me). In my opinion, ensuring that so-called "fairness" of the algorithm can be the biggest bias we can commit and - in cases like the one mentioned above for brain cancer - we may even be putting a person's life in danger.

So, back to the initial question of <em>do men and women offer the same creditworthiness?</em> my answer was still “ <em>I don't know, as fair or unfair as it may seem. Perhaps they or they are more or less cautious, more or less practical, or better or worse managers. I don't know, nor do I want to prejudge them</em> ”. And this without counting on the fact that no one would rely on a univariate analysis to make a decision of this type. Reality is infinitely more complex and the way in which a variable such as gender or race influences a prediction is much more subtle than it may appear. In a case like this, we may not be putting anyone's life in danger, but we are running the risk of distorting reality for the sake of “social justice”.

I admit that after these thoughts went through my head, I stopped paying attention to the presentation.

Image: <a href="https://elpais.com/deportes/2019/10/11/actualidad/1570788596_566559.html">Kipchoge, with the athletes who accompanied him in the marathon on October 12, 2019, Reuters Agency</a>


', 'en') (Line: 118)
Drupal\filter\Element\ProcessedText::preRenderText(Array)
call_user_func_array(Array, Array) (Line: 101)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback(Array, Array, 'Render #pre_render callbacks must be methods of a class that implements \Drupal\Core\Security\TrustedCallbackInterface or be an anonymous function. The callback was %s. See https://www.drupal.org/node/2966725', 'exception', 'Drupal\Core\Render\Element\RenderCallbackInterface') (Line: 788)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback('#pre_render', Array, Array) (Line: 374)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 934)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\field\EntityField->render_item(0, Array) (Line: 1171)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\field\FieldPluginBase->advancedRender(Object) (Line: 238)
template_preprocess_views_view_field(Array, 'views_view_field', Array)
call_user_func_array('template_preprocess_views_view_field', Array) (Line: 287)
Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render('views_view_field', Array) (Line: 433)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 1748)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\field\FieldPluginBase->theme(Object) (Line: 774)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\style\StylePluginBase->elementPreRenderRow(Array)
call_user_func_array(Array, Array) (Line: 101)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback(Array, Array, 'Render #pre_render callbacks must be methods of a class that implements \Drupal\Core\Security\TrustedCallbackInterface or be an anonymous function. The callback was %s. See https://www.drupal.org/node/2966725', 'exception', 'Drupal\Core\Render\Element\RenderCallbackInterface') (Line: 788)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback('#pre_render', Array, Array) (Line: 374)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 713)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\style\StylePluginBase->renderFields(Array) (Line: 579)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\style\StylePluginBase->renderGrouping(Array, Array, 1) (Line: 467)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\style\StylePluginBase->render(Array) (Line: 2169)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\display\DisplayPluginBase->render() (Line: 1538)
Drupal\views\ViewExecutable->render() (Line: 199)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\display\Page->execute() (Line: 1635)
Drupal\views\ViewExecutable->executeDisplay('page_1', Array) (Line: 81)
Drupal\views\Element\View::preRenderViewElement(Array)
call_user_func_array(Array, Array) (Line: 101)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback(Array, Array, 'Render #pre_render callbacks must be methods of a class that implements \Drupal\Core\Security\TrustedCallbackInterface or be an anonymous function. The callback was %s. See https://www.drupal.org/node/2966725', 'exception', 'Drupal\Core\Render\Element\RenderCallbackInterface') (Line: 788)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback('#pre_render', Array, Array) (Line: 374)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array, ) (Line: 242)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\{closure}() (Line: 580)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->executeInRenderContext(Object, Object) (Line: 235)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->prepare(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 132)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->renderResponse(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 90)
Drupal\Core\EventSubscriber\MainContentViewSubscriber->onViewRenderArray(Object, 'kernel.view', Object)
call_user_func(Array, Object, 'kernel.view', Object) (Line: 142)
Drupal\Component\EventDispatcher\ContainerAwareEventDispatcher->dispatch(Object, 'kernel.view') (Line: 174)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handleRaw(Object, 1) (Line: 81)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 58)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\Session->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\KernelPreHandle->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 191)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->fetch(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 128)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->lookup(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 82)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\ReverseProxyMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 51)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\NegotiationMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 23)
Stack\StackedHttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 713)
Drupal\Core\DrupalKernel->handle(Object) (Line: 19)

Drupal\Core\Database\Query\Select->addTag('entity_query') (Line: 147)
Drupal\Core\Entity\Query\Sql\Query->prepare() (Line: 80)
Drupal\Core\Entity\Query\Sql\Query->execute() (Line: 640)
Drupal\Core\Entity\EntityStorageBase->loadByProperties(Array) (Line: 63)
Drupal\Core\Entity\EntityRepository->loadEntityByUuid('file', 'insert-max_800_px-77e9a037-c16c-4d2e-9f99-6bf92ede7720') (Line: 124)
Drupal\editor\Plugin\Filter\EditorFileReference->process('I recently had the opportunity to attend a presentation on the " <em>justice</em> " and " <em>injustice</em> " of algorithms. The concept of bias in the algorithms was raised (due to decompensated, insufficient data, etc.) and it was raised how the algorithms should be trained so that they do not pose differences in “ <em>sensitive</em> ” variables (age, sex, race ...) . At one point the speaker commented something like “ <em>… because, if we are talking about predicting the solvency of applicants for a loan, there should be no differences between men and women, right?</em> ”, Awaiting the acquiescence of the public. The thought that went through my head was “ <em>Well I don't know, I would need data. Because if we were talking about predicting a driver's accident risk, it could also be expected that there would be no difference between men and women. Or if we were talking about the brand of a long-distance runner, it could also be expected that there would be no differences between runners of what we call 'white race' and those of 'black race'. Or if we were talking about the estimation of a person's life, it could also be expected that there would be no differences between men and women</em> ”. But the reality is stubborn, and women have fewer accidents than men, black runners have much better marks than white runners, and men live less than women. I quickly came to the conclusion that that presentation was not dedicated to the justice and injustice of algorithms, but to what is now interpreted as " <em>politically correct</em> " or " <em>incorrect</em> ".
<a class="colorbox insert-colorbox" data-colorbox-gallery="gallery-node" data-insert-class="" data-insert-type="image" href="/sites/default/files/2019-10/corredores_de_fondo_0.jpg"></a>

The problem with forcing an algorithm to make its result "politically correct" is that we may simply be turning our backs on reality. Without denying in any way that under certain conditions positive discrimination is desirable, the risk we run in trying to impose an ideology on reality can be high. I imagined a doctor analyzing the possibility that a tumor that affects men and women differently is malignant or benign, is in one stage of development or another, that is of one type or another. A quick search on the Internet offers us an infinite number of cases: an example could be the " <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/noticias/temas-y-relatos-blog/2019/glioblastoma-tratamiento-respuesta-diferencia-por-sexo">Study of glioblastoma highlights sex differences in brain cancer</a> ", from <strong>the National Cancer Institute</strong> (first result that the search offered me). In my opinion, ensuring that so-called "fairness" of the algorithm can be the biggest bias we can commit and - in cases like the one mentioned above for brain cancer - we may even be putting a person's life in danger.

So, back to the initial question of <em>do men and women offer the same creditworthiness?</em> my answer was still “ <em>I don't know, as fair or unfair as it may seem. Perhaps they or they are more or less cautious, more or less practical, or better or worse managers. I don't know, nor do I want to prejudge them</em> ”. And this without counting on the fact that no one would rely on a univariate analysis to make a decision of this type. Reality is infinitely more complex and the way in which a variable such as gender or race influences a prediction is much more subtle than it may appear. In a case like this, we may not be putting anyone's life in danger, but we are running the risk of distorting reality for the sake of “social justice”.

I admit that after these thoughts went through my head, I stopped paying attention to the presentation.

Image: <a href="https://elpais.com/deportes/2019/10/11/actualidad/1570788596_566559.html">Kipchoge, with the athletes who accompanied him in the marathon on October 12, 2019, Reuters Agency</a>


', 'en') (Line: 118)
Drupal\filter\Element\ProcessedText::preRenderText(Array)
call_user_func_array(Array, Array) (Line: 101)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback(Array, Array, 'Render #pre_render callbacks must be methods of a class that implements \Drupal\Core\Security\TrustedCallbackInterface or be an anonymous function. The callback was %s. See https://www.drupal.org/node/2966725', 'exception', 'Drupal\Core\Render\Element\RenderCallbackInterface') (Line: 788)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback('#pre_render', Array, Array) (Line: 374)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 934)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\field\EntityField->render_item(0, Array) (Line: 1171)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\field\FieldPluginBase->advancedRender(Object) (Line: 238)
template_preprocess_views_view_field(Array, 'views_view_field', Array)
call_user_func_array('template_preprocess_views_view_field', Array) (Line: 287)
Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render('views_view_field', Array) (Line: 433)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 1748)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\field\FieldPluginBase->theme(Object) (Line: 774)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\style\StylePluginBase->elementPreRenderRow(Array)
call_user_func_array(Array, Array) (Line: 101)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback(Array, Array, 'Render #pre_render callbacks must be methods of a class that implements \Drupal\Core\Security\TrustedCallbackInterface or be an anonymous function. The callback was %s. See https://www.drupal.org/node/2966725', 'exception', 'Drupal\Core\Render\Element\RenderCallbackInterface') (Line: 788)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback('#pre_render', Array, Array) (Line: 374)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 713)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\style\StylePluginBase->renderFields(Array) (Line: 579)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\style\StylePluginBase->renderGrouping(Array, Array, 1) (Line: 467)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\style\StylePluginBase->render(Array) (Line: 2169)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\display\DisplayPluginBase->render() (Line: 1538)
Drupal\views\ViewExecutable->render() (Line: 199)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\display\Page->execute() (Line: 1635)
Drupal\views\ViewExecutable->executeDisplay('page_1', Array) (Line: 81)
Drupal\views\Element\View::preRenderViewElement(Array)
call_user_func_array(Array, Array) (Line: 101)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback(Array, Array, 'Render #pre_render callbacks must be methods of a class that implements \Drupal\Core\Security\TrustedCallbackInterface or be an anonymous function. The callback was %s. See https://www.drupal.org/node/2966725', 'exception', 'Drupal\Core\Render\Element\RenderCallbackInterface') (Line: 788)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback('#pre_render', Array, Array) (Line: 374)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array, ) (Line: 242)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\{closure}() (Line: 580)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->executeInRenderContext(Object, Object) (Line: 235)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->prepare(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 132)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->renderResponse(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 90)
Drupal\Core\EventSubscriber\MainContentViewSubscriber->onViewRenderArray(Object, 'kernel.view', Object)
call_user_func(Array, Object, 'kernel.view', Object) (Line: 142)
Drupal\Component\EventDispatcher\ContainerAwareEventDispatcher->dispatch(Object, 'kernel.view') (Line: 174)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handleRaw(Object, 1) (Line: 81)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 58)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\Session->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\KernelPreHandle->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 191)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->fetch(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 128)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->lookup(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 82)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\ReverseProxyMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 51)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\NegotiationMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 23)
Stack\StackedHttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 713)
Drupal\Core\DrupalKernel->handle(Object) (Line: 19)

Drupal\Core\Database\Query\Select->addMetaData('entity_type', 'file') (Line: 115)
Drupal\Core\Entity\Query\Sql\Query->prepare() (Line: 80)
Drupal\Core\Entity\Query\Sql\Query->execute() (Line: 640)
Drupal\Core\Entity\EntityStorageBase->loadByProperties(Array) (Line: 63)
Drupal\Core\Entity\EntityRepository->loadEntityByUuid('file', 'f204da72-1b96-45a3-93b7-c08a2fd224c2') (Line: 95)
Drupal\editor\Plugin\Filter\EditorFileReference->process('In the world we live in, where fashions and bubbles of all kinds set the pace for things, it is hard not to see how technological terms are, as Rudyard Kipling said in his famous poem, " <em>misrepresented by rascals to make a trap for fools</em> . " And the term " <strong>Big Data</strong> " is one of the most used today, often with disparate meanings and often simply wrong.

It is true that in the area of data analysis it is difficult to find definitions that are lasting over time and accommodate the preferences of all professionals in the area, but the author of these lines has come to sit in front of technology managers from various companies and heard the term "Big Data" as equivalent to "Business Intelligence" or "Data Mining". And it is neither one thing nor the other. And from people further removed from the world of technology it is also common to hear the term with the meaning of "Social Networks", "Internet" or "Apps" (applications usually for mobile devices). Or even with the meaning of "Artificial Intelligence" (even if it is given another name, such as "robotics" or similar).



Every day the interpretation is imposed according to which "Big Data" refers to the enormous amount of data that is generated globally, whether from the Apps we use, from banking transactions, from the use of social networks, from the use of what we do with our mobile phone ... data from which we can extract valuable information regarding our consumption habits that should allow us to improve our standard of living. Still, Big Data means "Big Data" or "Big Data". It is a highly subjective term that, strictly speaking, does not refer to more than the size of the data involved in a process, so that when there are "many", we are talking about Big Data (in that case we can also say that we are in a "Big Data" or "Big Data" scenario). And when can we say that we are working with "a lot" of data ?: When your process (whether we are talking about data analysis or any other) makes traditional analysis solutions insufficient. And by "traditional solution" here we are referring to the use of a computer with a processor (or multiprocessor), a memory and a hard disk. In other words, when it is possible to analyze a set of data using a single computer - and the analysis is carried out at the right times - we should not talk about massive data, as much as we like to say that "in my company we do Big Data". On the contrary, if this traditional solution is not enough, we will find ourselves, as mentioned, in a massive data scenario and for its analysis it will be necessary to resort to what is called "distributed computing", which implies the use of several computers (sometimes even thousands of them) among which the process is distributed. Logically, this distribution requires that the computers be coordinated with each other, which requires the use of specialized software (in data analysis the most widely used is <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadoop" target="_blank">Apache Hadoop</a> ). On the other hand, the subjectivity of the term "Big Data" implies that certain data may or may not be considered "large" depending on the available technology: what we now consider Big Data will probably not be so in a few years. Or, in other words, if we had a computer with infinite computing capacity, Big Data would not exist and all analysis scenarios would be considered traditional.

Even though the use of the term Big Data is, as mentioned, very fashionable, it is important to note that, if we accept the previous definition, working in Big Data scenarios or not, it is (almost) independent of the type of process that we are executing: the only difference would be the technology on which we rely to execute them. It is true that there are machine learning algorithms used in data mining that are difficult to distribute among several computers (in some cases it is simply impossible), but they are exceptions that should not divert attention from what is really important: distributed computing is no more This is a resource that we turn to to satisfy a need for computing capacity imposed by demands greater than usual, but this is, from a conceptual point of view, irrelevant in the analysis.
', 'en') (Line: 118)
Drupal\filter\Element\ProcessedText::preRenderText(Array)
call_user_func_array(Array, Array) (Line: 101)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback(Array, Array, 'Render #pre_render callbacks must be methods of a class that implements \Drupal\Core\Security\TrustedCallbackInterface or be an anonymous function. The callback was %s. See https://www.drupal.org/node/2966725', 'exception', 'Drupal\Core\Render\Element\RenderCallbackInterface') (Line: 788)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback('#pre_render', Array, Array) (Line: 374)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 934)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\field\EntityField->render_item(0, Array) (Line: 1171)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\field\FieldPluginBase->advancedRender(Object) (Line: 238)
template_preprocess_views_view_field(Array, 'views_view_field', Array)
call_user_func_array('template_preprocess_views_view_field', Array) (Line: 287)
Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render('views_view_field', Array) (Line: 433)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 1748)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\field\FieldPluginBase->theme(Object) (Line: 774)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\style\StylePluginBase->elementPreRenderRow(Array)
call_user_func_array(Array, Array) (Line: 101)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback(Array, Array, 'Render #pre_render callbacks must be methods of a class that implements \Drupal\Core\Security\TrustedCallbackInterface or be an anonymous function. The callback was %s. See https://www.drupal.org/node/2966725', 'exception', 'Drupal\Core\Render\Element\RenderCallbackInterface') (Line: 788)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback('#pre_render', Array, Array) (Line: 374)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 713)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\style\StylePluginBase->renderFields(Array) (Line: 579)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\style\StylePluginBase->renderGrouping(Array, Array, 1) (Line: 467)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\style\StylePluginBase->render(Array) (Line: 2169)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\display\DisplayPluginBase->render() (Line: 1538)
Drupal\views\ViewExecutable->render() (Line: 199)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\display\Page->execute() (Line: 1635)
Drupal\views\ViewExecutable->executeDisplay('page_1', Array) (Line: 81)
Drupal\views\Element\View::preRenderViewElement(Array)
call_user_func_array(Array, Array) (Line: 101)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback(Array, Array, 'Render #pre_render callbacks must be methods of a class that implements \Drupal\Core\Security\TrustedCallbackInterface or be an anonymous function. The callback was %s. See https://www.drupal.org/node/2966725', 'exception', 'Drupal\Core\Render\Element\RenderCallbackInterface') (Line: 788)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback('#pre_render', Array, Array) (Line: 374)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array, ) (Line: 242)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\{closure}() (Line: 580)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->executeInRenderContext(Object, Object) (Line: 235)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->prepare(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 132)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->renderResponse(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 90)
Drupal\Core\EventSubscriber\MainContentViewSubscriber->onViewRenderArray(Object, 'kernel.view', Object)
call_user_func(Array, Object, 'kernel.view', Object) (Line: 142)
Drupal\Component\EventDispatcher\ContainerAwareEventDispatcher->dispatch(Object, 'kernel.view') (Line: 174)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handleRaw(Object, 1) (Line: 81)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 58)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\Session->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\KernelPreHandle->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 191)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->fetch(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 128)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->lookup(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 82)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\ReverseProxyMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 51)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\NegotiationMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 23)
Stack\StackedHttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 713)
Drupal\Core\DrupalKernel->handle(Object) (Line: 19)

Drupal\Core\Database\Query\Select->addTag('entity_query') (Line: 147)
Drupal\Core\Entity\Query\Sql\Query->prepare() (Line: 80)
Drupal\Core\Entity\Query\Sql\Query->execute() (Line: 640)
Drupal\Core\Entity\EntityStorageBase->loadByProperties(Array) (Line: 63)
Drupal\Core\Entity\EntityRepository->loadEntityByUuid('file', 'f204da72-1b96-45a3-93b7-c08a2fd224c2') (Line: 95)
Drupal\editor\Plugin\Filter\EditorFileReference->process('In the world we live in, where fashions and bubbles of all kinds set the pace for things, it is hard not to see how technological terms are, as Rudyard Kipling said in his famous poem, " <em>misrepresented by rascals to make a trap for fools</em> . " And the term " <strong>Big Data</strong> " is one of the most used today, often with disparate meanings and often simply wrong.

It is true that in the area of data analysis it is difficult to find definitions that are lasting over time and accommodate the preferences of all professionals in the area, but the author of these lines has come to sit in front of technology managers from various companies and heard the term "Big Data" as equivalent to "Business Intelligence" or "Data Mining". And it is neither one thing nor the other. And from people further removed from the world of technology it is also common to hear the term with the meaning of "Social Networks", "Internet" or "Apps" (applications usually for mobile devices). Or even with the meaning of "Artificial Intelligence" (even if it is given another name, such as "robotics" or similar).



Every day the interpretation is imposed according to which "Big Data" refers to the enormous amount of data that is generated globally, whether from the Apps we use, from banking transactions, from the use of social networks, from the use of what we do with our mobile phone ... data from which we can extract valuable information regarding our consumption habits that should allow us to improve our standard of living. Still, Big Data means "Big Data" or "Big Data". It is a highly subjective term that, strictly speaking, does not refer to more than the size of the data involved in a process, so that when there are "many", we are talking about Big Data (in that case we can also say that we are in a "Big Data" or "Big Data" scenario). And when can we say that we are working with "a lot" of data ?: When your process (whether we are talking about data analysis or any other) makes traditional analysis solutions insufficient. And by "traditional solution" here we are referring to the use of a computer with a processor (or multiprocessor), a memory and a hard disk. In other words, when it is possible to analyze a set of data using a single computer - and the analysis is carried out at the right times - we should not talk about massive data, as much as we like to say that "in my company we do Big Data". On the contrary, if this traditional solution is not enough, we will find ourselves, as mentioned, in a massive data scenario and for its analysis it will be necessary to resort to what is called "distributed computing", which implies the use of several computers (sometimes even thousands of them) among which the process is distributed. Logically, this distribution requires that the computers be coordinated with each other, which requires the use of specialized software (in data analysis the most widely used is <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadoop" target="_blank">Apache Hadoop</a> ). On the other hand, the subjectivity of the term "Big Data" implies that certain data may or may not be considered "large" depending on the available technology: what we now consider Big Data will probably not be so in a few years. Or, in other words, if we had a computer with infinite computing capacity, Big Data would not exist and all analysis scenarios would be considered traditional.

Even though the use of the term Big Data is, as mentioned, very fashionable, it is important to note that, if we accept the previous definition, working in Big Data scenarios or not, it is (almost) independent of the type of process that we are executing: the only difference would be the technology on which we rely to execute them. It is true that there are machine learning algorithms used in data mining that are difficult to distribute among several computers (in some cases it is simply impossible), but they are exceptions that should not divert attention from what is really important: distributed computing is no more This is a resource that we turn to to satisfy a need for computing capacity imposed by demands greater than usual, but this is, from a conceptual point of view, irrelevant in the analysis.
', 'en') (Line: 118)
Drupal\filter\Element\ProcessedText::preRenderText(Array)
call_user_func_array(Array, Array) (Line: 101)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback(Array, Array, 'Render #pre_render callbacks must be methods of a class that implements \Drupal\Core\Security\TrustedCallbackInterface or be an anonymous function. The callback was %s. See https://www.drupal.org/node/2966725', 'exception', 'Drupal\Core\Render\Element\RenderCallbackInterface') (Line: 788)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback('#pre_render', Array, Array) (Line: 374)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 934)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\field\EntityField->render_item(0, Array) (Line: 1171)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\field\FieldPluginBase->advancedRender(Object) (Line: 238)
template_preprocess_views_view_field(Array, 'views_view_field', Array)
call_user_func_array('template_preprocess_views_view_field', Array) (Line: 287)
Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render('views_view_field', Array) (Line: 433)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 1748)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\field\FieldPluginBase->theme(Object) (Line: 774)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\style\StylePluginBase->elementPreRenderRow(Array)
call_user_func_array(Array, Array) (Line: 101)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback(Array, Array, 'Render #pre_render callbacks must be methods of a class that implements \Drupal\Core\Security\TrustedCallbackInterface or be an anonymous function. The callback was %s. See https://www.drupal.org/node/2966725', 'exception', 'Drupal\Core\Render\Element\RenderCallbackInterface') (Line: 788)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback('#pre_render', Array, Array) (Line: 374)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 713)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\style\StylePluginBase->renderFields(Array) (Line: 579)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\style\StylePluginBase->renderGrouping(Array, Array, 1) (Line: 467)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\style\StylePluginBase->render(Array) (Line: 2169)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\display\DisplayPluginBase->render() (Line: 1538)
Drupal\views\ViewExecutable->render() (Line: 199)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\display\Page->execute() (Line: 1635)
Drupal\views\ViewExecutable->executeDisplay('page_1', Array) (Line: 81)
Drupal\views\Element\View::preRenderViewElement(Array)
call_user_func_array(Array, Array) (Line: 101)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback(Array, Array, 'Render #pre_render callbacks must be methods of a class that implements \Drupal\Core\Security\TrustedCallbackInterface or be an anonymous function. The callback was %s. See https://www.drupal.org/node/2966725', 'exception', 'Drupal\Core\Render\Element\RenderCallbackInterface') (Line: 788)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback('#pre_render', Array, Array) (Line: 374)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array, ) (Line: 242)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\{closure}() (Line: 580)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->executeInRenderContext(Object, Object) (Line: 235)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->prepare(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 132)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->renderResponse(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 90)
Drupal\Core\EventSubscriber\MainContentViewSubscriber->onViewRenderArray(Object, 'kernel.view', Object)
call_user_func(Array, Object, 'kernel.view', Object) (Line: 142)
Drupal\Component\EventDispatcher\ContainerAwareEventDispatcher->dispatch(Object, 'kernel.view') (Line: 174)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handleRaw(Object, 1) (Line: 81)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 58)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\Session->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\KernelPreHandle->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 191)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->fetch(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 128)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->lookup(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 82)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\ReverseProxyMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 51)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\NegotiationMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 23)
Stack\StackedHttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 713)
Drupal\Core\DrupalKernel->handle(Object) (Line: 19)

Drupal\Core\Database\Query\Select->addMetaData('entity_type', 'file') (Line: 115)
Drupal\Core\Entity\Query\Sql\Query->prepare() (Line: 80)
Drupal\Core\Entity\Query\Sql\Query->execute() (Line: 640)
Drupal\Core\Entity\EntityStorageBase->loadByProperties(Array) (Line: 63)
Drupal\Core\Entity\EntityRepository->loadEntityByUuid('file', 'f204da72-1b96-45a3-93b7-c08a2fd224c2') (Line: 124)
Drupal\editor\Plugin\Filter\EditorFileReference->process('In the world we live in, where fashions and bubbles of all kinds set the pace for things, it is hard not to see how technological terms are, as Rudyard Kipling said in his famous poem, " <em>misrepresented by rascals to make a trap for fools</em> . " And the term " <strong>Big Data</strong> " is one of the most used today, often with disparate meanings and often simply wrong.

It is true that in the area of data analysis it is difficult to find definitions that are lasting over time and accommodate the preferences of all professionals in the area, but the author of these lines has come to sit in front of technology managers from various companies and heard the term "Big Data" as equivalent to "Business Intelligence" or "Data Mining". And it is neither one thing nor the other. And from people further removed from the world of technology it is also common to hear the term with the meaning of "Social Networks", "Internet" or "Apps" (applications usually for mobile devices). Or even with the meaning of "Artificial Intelligence" (even if it is given another name, such as "robotics" or similar).



Every day the interpretation is imposed according to which "Big Data" refers to the enormous amount of data that is generated globally, whether from the Apps we use, from banking transactions, from the use of social networks, from the use of what we do with our mobile phone ... data from which we can extract valuable information regarding our consumption habits that should allow us to improve our standard of living. Still, Big Data means "Big Data" or "Big Data". It is a highly subjective term that, strictly speaking, does not refer to more than the size of the data involved in a process, so that when there are "many", we are talking about Big Data (in that case we can also say that we are in a "Big Data" or "Big Data" scenario). And when can we say that we are working with "a lot" of data ?: When your process (whether we are talking about data analysis or any other) makes traditional analysis solutions insufficient. And by "traditional solution" here we are referring to the use of a computer with a processor (or multiprocessor), a memory and a hard disk. In other words, when it is possible to analyze a set of data using a single computer - and the analysis is carried out at the right times - we should not talk about massive data, as much as we like to say that "in my company we do Big Data". On the contrary, if this traditional solution is not enough, we will find ourselves, as mentioned, in a massive data scenario and for its analysis it will be necessary to resort to what is called "distributed computing", which implies the use of several computers (sometimes even thousands of them) among which the process is distributed. Logically, this distribution requires that the computers be coordinated with each other, which requires the use of specialized software (in data analysis the most widely used is <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadoop" target="_blank">Apache Hadoop</a> ). On the other hand, the subjectivity of the term "Big Data" implies that certain data may or may not be considered "large" depending on the available technology: what we now consider Big Data will probably not be so in a few years. Or, in other words, if we had a computer with infinite computing capacity, Big Data would not exist and all analysis scenarios would be considered traditional.

Even though the use of the term Big Data is, as mentioned, very fashionable, it is important to note that, if we accept the previous definition, working in Big Data scenarios or not, it is (almost) independent of the type of process that we are executing: the only difference would be the technology on which we rely to execute them. It is true that there are machine learning algorithms used in data mining that are difficult to distribute among several computers (in some cases it is simply impossible), but they are exceptions that should not divert attention from what is really important: distributed computing is no more This is a resource that we turn to to satisfy a need for computing capacity imposed by demands greater than usual, but this is, from a conceptual point of view, irrelevant in the analysis.
', 'en') (Line: 118)
Drupal\filter\Element\ProcessedText::preRenderText(Array)
call_user_func_array(Array, Array) (Line: 101)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback(Array, Array, 'Render #pre_render callbacks must be methods of a class that implements \Drupal\Core\Security\TrustedCallbackInterface or be an anonymous function. The callback was %s. See https://www.drupal.org/node/2966725', 'exception', 'Drupal\Core\Render\Element\RenderCallbackInterface') (Line: 788)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback('#pre_render', Array, Array) (Line: 374)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 934)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\field\EntityField->render_item(0, Array) (Line: 1171)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\field\FieldPluginBase->advancedRender(Object) (Line: 238)
template_preprocess_views_view_field(Array, 'views_view_field', Array)
call_user_func_array('template_preprocess_views_view_field', Array) (Line: 287)
Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render('views_view_field', Array) (Line: 433)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 1748)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\field\FieldPluginBase->theme(Object) (Line: 774)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\style\StylePluginBase->elementPreRenderRow(Array)
call_user_func_array(Array, Array) (Line: 101)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback(Array, Array, 'Render #pre_render callbacks must be methods of a class that implements \Drupal\Core\Security\TrustedCallbackInterface or be an anonymous function. The callback was %s. See https://www.drupal.org/node/2966725', 'exception', 'Drupal\Core\Render\Element\RenderCallbackInterface') (Line: 788)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback('#pre_render', Array, Array) (Line: 374)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 713)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\style\StylePluginBase->renderFields(Array) (Line: 579)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\style\StylePluginBase->renderGrouping(Array, Array, 1) (Line: 467)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\style\StylePluginBase->render(Array) (Line: 2169)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\display\DisplayPluginBase->render() (Line: 1538)
Drupal\views\ViewExecutable->render() (Line: 199)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\display\Page->execute() (Line: 1635)
Drupal\views\ViewExecutable->executeDisplay('page_1', Array) (Line: 81)
Drupal\views\Element\View::preRenderViewElement(Array)
call_user_func_array(Array, Array) (Line: 101)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback(Array, Array, 'Render #pre_render callbacks must be methods of a class that implements \Drupal\Core\Security\TrustedCallbackInterface or be an anonymous function. The callback was %s. See https://www.drupal.org/node/2966725', 'exception', 'Drupal\Core\Render\Element\RenderCallbackInterface') (Line: 788)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback('#pre_render', Array, Array) (Line: 374)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array, ) (Line: 242)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\{closure}() (Line: 580)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->executeInRenderContext(Object, Object) (Line: 235)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->prepare(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 132)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->renderResponse(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 90)
Drupal\Core\EventSubscriber\MainContentViewSubscriber->onViewRenderArray(Object, 'kernel.view', Object)
call_user_func(Array, Object, 'kernel.view', Object) (Line: 142)
Drupal\Component\EventDispatcher\ContainerAwareEventDispatcher->dispatch(Object, 'kernel.view') (Line: 174)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handleRaw(Object, 1) (Line: 81)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 58)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\Session->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\KernelPreHandle->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 191)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->fetch(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 128)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->lookup(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 82)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\ReverseProxyMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 51)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\NegotiationMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 23)
Stack\StackedHttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 713)
Drupal\Core\DrupalKernel->handle(Object) (Line: 19)

Drupal\Core\Database\Query\Select->addTag('entity_query') (Line: 147)
Drupal\Core\Entity\Query\Sql\Query->prepare() (Line: 80)
Drupal\Core\Entity\Query\Sql\Query->execute() (Line: 640)
Drupal\Core\Entity\EntityStorageBase->loadByProperties(Array) (Line: 63)
Drupal\Core\Entity\EntityRepository->loadEntityByUuid('file', 'f204da72-1b96-45a3-93b7-c08a2fd224c2') (Line: 124)
Drupal\editor\Plugin\Filter\EditorFileReference->process('In the world we live in, where fashions and bubbles of all kinds set the pace for things, it is hard not to see how technological terms are, as Rudyard Kipling said in his famous poem, " <em>misrepresented by rascals to make a trap for fools</em> . " And the term " <strong>Big Data</strong> " is one of the most used today, often with disparate meanings and often simply wrong.

It is true that in the area of data analysis it is difficult to find definitions that are lasting over time and accommodate the preferences of all professionals in the area, but the author of these lines has come to sit in front of technology managers from various companies and heard the term "Big Data" as equivalent to "Business Intelligence" or "Data Mining". And it is neither one thing nor the other. And from people further removed from the world of technology it is also common to hear the term with the meaning of "Social Networks", "Internet" or "Apps" (applications usually for mobile devices). Or even with the meaning of "Artificial Intelligence" (even if it is given another name, such as "robotics" or similar).



Every day the interpretation is imposed according to which "Big Data" refers to the enormous amount of data that is generated globally, whether from the Apps we use, from banking transactions, from the use of social networks, from the use of what we do with our mobile phone ... data from which we can extract valuable information regarding our consumption habits that should allow us to improve our standard of living. Still, Big Data means "Big Data" or "Big Data". It is a highly subjective term that, strictly speaking, does not refer to more than the size of the data involved in a process, so that when there are "many", we are talking about Big Data (in that case we can also say that we are in a "Big Data" or "Big Data" scenario). And when can we say that we are working with "a lot" of data ?: When your process (whether we are talking about data analysis or any other) makes traditional analysis solutions insufficient. And by "traditional solution" here we are referring to the use of a computer with a processor (or multiprocessor), a memory and a hard disk. In other words, when it is possible to analyze a set of data using a single computer - and the analysis is carried out at the right times - we should not talk about massive data, as much as we like to say that "in my company we do Big Data". On the contrary, if this traditional solution is not enough, we will find ourselves, as mentioned, in a massive data scenario and for its analysis it will be necessary to resort to what is called "distributed computing", which implies the use of several computers (sometimes even thousands of them) among which the process is distributed. Logically, this distribution requires that the computers be coordinated with each other, which requires the use of specialized software (in data analysis the most widely used is <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadoop" target="_blank">Apache Hadoop</a> ). On the other hand, the subjectivity of the term "Big Data" implies that certain data may or may not be considered "large" depending on the available technology: what we now consider Big Data will probably not be so in a few years. Or, in other words, if we had a computer with infinite computing capacity, Big Data would not exist and all analysis scenarios would be considered traditional.

Even though the use of the term Big Data is, as mentioned, very fashionable, it is important to note that, if we accept the previous definition, working in Big Data scenarios or not, it is (almost) independent of the type of process that we are executing: the only difference would be the technology on which we rely to execute them. It is true that there are machine learning algorithms used in data mining that are difficult to distribute among several computers (in some cases it is simply impossible), but they are exceptions that should not divert attention from what is really important: distributed computing is no more This is a resource that we turn to to satisfy a need for computing capacity imposed by demands greater than usual, but this is, from a conceptual point of view, irrelevant in the analysis.
', 'en') (Line: 118)
Drupal\filter\Element\ProcessedText::preRenderText(Array)
call_user_func_array(Array, Array) (Line: 101)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback(Array, Array, 'Render #pre_render callbacks must be methods of a class that implements \Drupal\Core\Security\TrustedCallbackInterface or be an anonymous function. The callback was %s. See https://www.drupal.org/node/2966725', 'exception', 'Drupal\Core\Render\Element\RenderCallbackInterface') (Line: 788)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback('#pre_render', Array, Array) (Line: 374)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 934)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\field\EntityField->render_item(0, Array) (Line: 1171)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\field\FieldPluginBase->advancedRender(Object) (Line: 238)
template_preprocess_views_view_field(Array, 'views_view_field', Array)
call_user_func_array('template_preprocess_views_view_field', Array) (Line: 287)
Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render('views_view_field', Array) (Line: 433)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 1748)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\field\FieldPluginBase->theme(Object) (Line: 774)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\style\StylePluginBase->elementPreRenderRow(Array)
call_user_func_array(Array, Array) (Line: 101)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback(Array, Array, 'Render #pre_render callbacks must be methods of a class that implements \Drupal\Core\Security\TrustedCallbackInterface or be an anonymous function. The callback was %s. See https://www.drupal.org/node/2966725', 'exception', 'Drupal\Core\Render\Element\RenderCallbackInterface') (Line: 788)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback('#pre_render', Array, Array) (Line: 374)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 713)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\style\StylePluginBase->renderFields(Array) (Line: 579)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\style\StylePluginBase->renderGrouping(Array, Array, 1) (Line: 467)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\style\StylePluginBase->render(Array) (Line: 2169)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\display\DisplayPluginBase->render() (Line: 1538)
Drupal\views\ViewExecutable->render() (Line: 199)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\display\Page->execute() (Line: 1635)
Drupal\views\ViewExecutable->executeDisplay('page_1', Array) (Line: 81)
Drupal\views\Element\View::preRenderViewElement(Array)
call_user_func_array(Array, Array) (Line: 101)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback(Array, Array, 'Render #pre_render callbacks must be methods of a class that implements \Drupal\Core\Security\TrustedCallbackInterface or be an anonymous function. The callback was %s. See https://www.drupal.org/node/2966725', 'exception', 'Drupal\Core\Render\Element\RenderCallbackInterface') (Line: 788)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback('#pre_render', Array, Array) (Line: 374)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array, ) (Line: 242)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\{closure}() (Line: 580)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->executeInRenderContext(Object, Object) (Line: 235)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->prepare(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 132)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->renderResponse(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 90)
Drupal\Core\EventSubscriber\MainContentViewSubscriber->onViewRenderArray(Object, 'kernel.view', Object)
call_user_func(Array, Object, 'kernel.view', Object) (Line: 142)
Drupal\Component\EventDispatcher\ContainerAwareEventDispatcher->dispatch(Object, 'kernel.view') (Line: 174)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handleRaw(Object, 1) (Line: 81)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 58)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\Session->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\KernelPreHandle->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 191)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->fetch(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 128)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->lookup(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 82)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\ReverseProxyMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 51)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\NegotiationMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 23)
Stack\StackedHttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 713)
Drupal\Core\DrupalKernel->handle(Object) (Line: 19)

Deprecated function: Return type of Drupal\google_analytics\Component\Render\GoogleAnalyticsJavaScriptSnippet::jsonSerialize() should either be compatible with JsonSerializable::jsonSerialize(): mixed, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in include() (line 10 of modules/contrib/google_analytics/src/Component/Render/GoogleAnalyticsJavaScriptSnippet.php).

include('/var/www/vhosts/interactivechaos.ovh/httpdocs/modules/contrib/google_analytics/src/Component/Render/GoogleAnalyticsJavaScriptSnippet.php') (Line: 578)
Composer\Autoload\ClassLoader::Composer\Autoload\{closure}('/var/www/vhosts/interactivechaos.ovh/httpdocs/modules/contrib/google_analytics/src/Component/Render/GoogleAnalyticsJavaScriptSnippet.php') (Line: 432)
Composer\Autoload\ClassLoader->loadClass('Drupal\google_analytics\Component\Render\GoogleAnalyticsJavaScriptSnippet') (Line: 372)
google_analytics_page_attachments(Array) (Line: 313)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\{closure}(Object, 'google_analytics') (Line: 405)
Drupal\Core\Extension\ModuleHandler->invokeAllWith('page_attachments', Object) (Line: 310)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->invokePageAttachmentHooks(Array) (Line: 288)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->prepare(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 132)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->renderResponse(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 90)
Drupal\Core\EventSubscriber\MainContentViewSubscriber->onViewRenderArray(Object, 'kernel.view', Object)
call_user_func(Array, Object, 'kernel.view', Object) (Line: 142)
Drupal\Component\EventDispatcher\ContainerAwareEventDispatcher->dispatch(Object, 'kernel.view') (Line: 174)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handleRaw(Object, 1) (Line: 81)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 58)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\Session->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\KernelPreHandle->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 191)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->fetch(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 128)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->lookup(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 82)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\ReverseProxyMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 51)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\NegotiationMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 23)
Stack\StackedHttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 713)
Drupal\Core\DrupalKernel->handle(Object) (Line: 19)

Deprecated function: Use of "static" in callables is deprecated in Drupal\user\Entity\Role::postLoad() (line 172 of core/modules/user/src/Entity/Role.php).

Drupal\user\Entity\Role::postLoad(Object, Array) (Line: 423)
Drupal\Core\Entity\EntityStorageBase->postLoad(Array) (Line: 353)
Drupal\Core\Entity\EntityStorageBase->loadMultiple() (Line: 126)
eu_cookie_compliance_page_attachments(Array) (Line: 313)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\{closure}(Object, 'eu_cookie_compliance') (Line: 405)
Drupal\Core\Extension\ModuleHandler->invokeAllWith('page_attachments', Object) (Line: 310)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->invokePageAttachmentHooks(Array) (Line: 288)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->prepare(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 132)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->renderResponse(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 90)
Drupal\Core\EventSubscriber\MainContentViewSubscriber->onViewRenderArray(Object, 'kernel.view', Object)
call_user_func(Array, Object, 'kernel.view', Object) (Line: 142)
Drupal\Component\EventDispatcher\ContainerAwareEventDispatcher->dispatch(Object, 'kernel.view') (Line: 174)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handleRaw(Object, 1) (Line: 81)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 58)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\Session->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\KernelPreHandle->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 191)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->fetch(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 128)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->lookup(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 82)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\ReverseProxyMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 51)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\NegotiationMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 23)
Stack\StackedHttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 713)
Drupal\Core\DrupalKernel->handle(Object) (Line: 19)

Blog

The odyssey of writing a technical book

Monday, 14 de June, 2021

Writing a book is a desire that, consciously or unconsciously, many of us have. At the end of the day, it is proof that we have a certain knowledge on a subject that allows us to adopt that role of "teacher". I -who have spent 25 years dedicating myself to a greater or lesser extent to teaching- always had in mind the idea of writing one, although it was never more than an idea, because too many doubts came to mind: will there be any interested publisher? How long would it take? Do you get a fee per book sold?

On the justice and injustice of algorithms

Monday, 14 de October, 2019

I recently had the opportunity to attend a presentation on the " justice " and " injustice " of algorithms. The concept of bias in the algorithms was raised (due to decompensated, insufficient data, etc.) and it was raised how the algorithms should be trained so that they do not pose differences in “ sensitive ” variables (age, sex, race ...) .

Big data

Tuesday, 18 de April, 2017

In the world we live in, where fashions and bubbles of all kinds set the pace for things, it is hard not to see how technological terms are, as Rudyard Kipling said in his famous poem, " misrepresented by rascals to make a trap for fools . " And the term " Big Data " is one of the most used today, often with disparate meanings and often simply wrong.

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