Introducción a DAX
Modelos de datos
El contexto de filtro
Medidas
Creación de una tabla para medidas
Código DAX
Función CALCULATE
Funciones de agregación
Contexto de fila
Funciones de fecha y hora
Funciones de inteligencia de tiempo
Iteradores
Transición de contexto
Funciones lógicas
Aplicación: Títulos dinámicos
Modificadores de CALCULATE
Tablas calculadas
Calendarios
Funciones de texto
Jerarquías
Patrones
Grupos Calculados
Conclusión

Error message

Deprecated function: Use of "static" in callables is deprecated in Drupal\user\Entity\Role::postLoad() (line 172 of core/modules/user/src/Entity/Role.php).

Drupal\user\Entity\Role::postLoad(Object, Array) (Line: 423)
Drupal\Core\Entity\EntityStorageBase->postLoad(Array) (Line: 353)
Drupal\Core\Entity\EntityStorageBase->loadMultiple(Array) (Line: 16)
Drupal\user\RoleStorage->isPermissionInRoles('access site in maintenance mode', Array) (Line: 112)
Drupal\Core\Session\UserSession->hasPermission('access site in maintenance mode') (Line: 105)
Drupal\Core\Session\AccountProxy->hasPermission('access site in maintenance mode') (Line: 83)
Drupal\redirect\RedirectChecker->canRedirect(Object) (Line: 120)
Drupal\redirect\EventSubscriber\RedirectRequestSubscriber->onKernelRequestCheckRedirect(Object, 'kernel.request', Object)
call_user_func(Array, Object, 'kernel.request', Object) (Line: 142)
Drupal\Component\EventDispatcher\ContainerAwareEventDispatcher->dispatch(Object, 'kernel.request') (Line: 145)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handleRaw(Object, 1) (Line: 81)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 58)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\Session->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\KernelPreHandle->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 191)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->fetch(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 128)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->lookup(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 82)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\ReverseProxyMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 51)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\NegotiationMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 23)
Stack\StackedHttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 713)
Drupal\Core\DrupalKernel->handle(Object) (Line: 19)

Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property Drupal\mysql\Driver\Database\mysql\Select::$alterMetaData is deprecated in Drupal\Core\Database\Query\Select->addMetaData() (line 178 of core/lib/Drupal/Core/Database/Query/Select.php).

Drupal\Core\Database\Query\Select->addMetaData('entity_type', 'file') (Line: 115)
Drupal\Core\Entity\Query\Sql\Query->prepare() (Line: 80)
Drupal\Core\Entity\Query\Sql\Query->execute() (Line: 640)
Drupal\Core\Entity\EntityStorageBase->loadByProperties(Array) (Line: 63)
Drupal\Core\Entity\EntityRepository->loadEntityByUuid('file', 'insert-max_800_px-f03717d4-b860-4321-a68a-77c6481e320a') (Line: 95)
Drupal\editor\Plugin\Filter\EditorFileReference->process('En la tabla de clientes:
<a class="colorbox insert-colorbox" data-colorbox-gallery="gallery-node" data-insert-class="" data-insert-type="image" href="/sites/default/files/2023-01/tutorial_dax_img_0419.png"></a>

la clave (el campo “<em>Customer</em>”) identifica de forma unívoca a cada cliente. Es decir, basta con saber el valor de la clave para identificar sin duda alguna a qué fila nos referimos. Otra forma de expresar esta idea es decir que en el campo “<em>Customer</em>” de esta tabla no hay ningún valor repetido (pues, si lo hubiera, ya no podríamos identificar de forma unívoca a un cliente). Este tipo de claves se denominan <strong>claves primarias</strong> o <strong>claves principales</strong>.

Una clave primaria puede estar formada por una única columna o por varias columnas. En Power BI, en todo caso, la clave (si existe) tiene que estar contenida en una única columna.

En la tabla de ventas:
<a class="colorbox insert-colorbox" data-colorbox-gallery="gallery-node" data-insert-class="" data-insert-type="image" href="/sites/default/files/2023-01/tutorial_dax_img_0012.png"></a>

la clave de la relación que estamos analizando (el campo “<em>Customer</em>”) no identifica de forma unívoca a cada venta. Solo sirve para indicar el cliente asociado a cada venta. Esto supone que, en esta clave, puede haber valores repetidos (Juan puede haber realizado 15 compras y, por lo tanto, aparecer 15 veces en esta columna). Estas claves se denominan <strong>claves externas</strong> o <strong>claves foráneas</strong>.

Por supuesto, la tabla de ventas podría tener, adicionalmente, su propia clave primaria (lo que no es el caso pues, en esta tabla, no hay ningún campo que permita identificar una fila de forma unívoca).
 
', 'es') (Line: 118)
Drupal\filter\Element\ProcessedText::preRenderText(Array)
call_user_func_array(Array, Array) (Line: 101)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback(Array, Array, 'Render #pre_render callbacks must be methods of a class that implements \Drupal\Core\Security\TrustedCallbackInterface or be an anonymous function. The callback was %s. See https://www.drupal.org/node/2966725', 'exception', 'Drupal\Core\Render\Element\RenderCallbackInterface') (Line: 788)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback('#pre_render', Array, Array) (Line: 374)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 479)
Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter(Object, Array, 'html', NULL, 1) (Line: 88)
__TwigTemplate_a7d6005c89ae729617b9a0c2bccb1776->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array, Array) (Line: 46)
__TwigTemplate_804f7948456cfe20e11a34c43439c7c2->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array, Array) (Line: 43)
__TwigTemplate_bd990293b89f3b78c69fe0ee2f7828b5->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array) (Line: 390)
Twig\Template->render(Array) (Line: 55)
twig_render_template('themes/contrib/classy/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig', Array) (Line: 384)
Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render('field', Array) (Line: 433)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array) (Line: 446)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 479)
Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter(Object, Array, 'html', NULL, 1) (Line: 74)
__TwigTemplate_94047fbdba6937b76a4479dfa1763452->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array) (Line: 390)
Twig\Template->render(Array) (Line: 55)
twig_render_template('themes/custom/yg_aesthetic/templates/node.html.twig', Array) (Line: 384)
Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render('node', Array) (Line: 433)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array, ) (Line: 242)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\{closure}() (Line: 580)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->executeInRenderContext(Object, Object) (Line: 235)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->prepare(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 132)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->renderResponse(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 90)
Drupal\Core\EventSubscriber\MainContentViewSubscriber->onViewRenderArray(Object, 'kernel.view', Object)
call_user_func(Array, Object, 'kernel.view', Object) (Line: 142)
Drupal\Component\EventDispatcher\ContainerAwareEventDispatcher->dispatch(Object, 'kernel.view') (Line: 174)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handleRaw(Object, 1) (Line: 81)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 58)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\Session->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\KernelPreHandle->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 191)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->fetch(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 128)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->lookup(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 82)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\ReverseProxyMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 51)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\NegotiationMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 23)
Stack\StackedHttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 713)
Drupal\Core\DrupalKernel->handle(Object) (Line: 19)

Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property Drupal\mysql\Driver\Database\mysql\Select::$alterTags is deprecated in Drupal\Core\Database\Query\Select->addTag() (line 149 of core/lib/Drupal/Core/Database/Query/Select.php).

Drupal\Core\Database\Query\Select->addTag('entity_query') (Line: 147)
Drupal\Core\Entity\Query\Sql\Query->prepare() (Line: 80)
Drupal\Core\Entity\Query\Sql\Query->execute() (Line: 640)
Drupal\Core\Entity\EntityStorageBase->loadByProperties(Array) (Line: 63)
Drupal\Core\Entity\EntityRepository->loadEntityByUuid('file', 'insert-max_800_px-f03717d4-b860-4321-a68a-77c6481e320a') (Line: 95)
Drupal\editor\Plugin\Filter\EditorFileReference->process('En la tabla de clientes:
<a class="colorbox insert-colorbox" data-colorbox-gallery="gallery-node" data-insert-class="" data-insert-type="image" href="/sites/default/files/2023-01/tutorial_dax_img_0419.png"></a>

la clave (el campo “<em>Customer</em>”) identifica de forma unívoca a cada cliente. Es decir, basta con saber el valor de la clave para identificar sin duda alguna a qué fila nos referimos. Otra forma de expresar esta idea es decir que en el campo “<em>Customer</em>” de esta tabla no hay ningún valor repetido (pues, si lo hubiera, ya no podríamos identificar de forma unívoca a un cliente). Este tipo de claves se denominan <strong>claves primarias</strong> o <strong>claves principales</strong>.

Una clave primaria puede estar formada por una única columna o por varias columnas. En Power BI, en todo caso, la clave (si existe) tiene que estar contenida en una única columna.

En la tabla de ventas:
<a class="colorbox insert-colorbox" data-colorbox-gallery="gallery-node" data-insert-class="" data-insert-type="image" href="/sites/default/files/2023-01/tutorial_dax_img_0012.png"></a>

la clave de la relación que estamos analizando (el campo “<em>Customer</em>”) no identifica de forma unívoca a cada venta. Solo sirve para indicar el cliente asociado a cada venta. Esto supone que, en esta clave, puede haber valores repetidos (Juan puede haber realizado 15 compras y, por lo tanto, aparecer 15 veces en esta columna). Estas claves se denominan <strong>claves externas</strong> o <strong>claves foráneas</strong>.

Por supuesto, la tabla de ventas podría tener, adicionalmente, su propia clave primaria (lo que no es el caso pues, en esta tabla, no hay ningún campo que permita identificar una fila de forma unívoca).
 
', 'es') (Line: 118)
Drupal\filter\Element\ProcessedText::preRenderText(Array)
call_user_func_array(Array, Array) (Line: 101)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback(Array, Array, 'Render #pre_render callbacks must be methods of a class that implements \Drupal\Core\Security\TrustedCallbackInterface or be an anonymous function. The callback was %s. See https://www.drupal.org/node/2966725', 'exception', 'Drupal\Core\Render\Element\RenderCallbackInterface') (Line: 788)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback('#pre_render', Array, Array) (Line: 374)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 479)
Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter(Object, Array, 'html', NULL, 1) (Line: 88)
__TwigTemplate_a7d6005c89ae729617b9a0c2bccb1776->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array, Array) (Line: 46)
__TwigTemplate_804f7948456cfe20e11a34c43439c7c2->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array, Array) (Line: 43)
__TwigTemplate_bd990293b89f3b78c69fe0ee2f7828b5->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array) (Line: 390)
Twig\Template->render(Array) (Line: 55)
twig_render_template('themes/contrib/classy/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig', Array) (Line: 384)
Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render('field', Array) (Line: 433)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array) (Line: 446)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 479)
Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter(Object, Array, 'html', NULL, 1) (Line: 74)
__TwigTemplate_94047fbdba6937b76a4479dfa1763452->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array) (Line: 390)
Twig\Template->render(Array) (Line: 55)
twig_render_template('themes/custom/yg_aesthetic/templates/node.html.twig', Array) (Line: 384)
Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render('node', Array) (Line: 433)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array, ) (Line: 242)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\{closure}() (Line: 580)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->executeInRenderContext(Object, Object) (Line: 235)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->prepare(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 132)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->renderResponse(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 90)
Drupal\Core\EventSubscriber\MainContentViewSubscriber->onViewRenderArray(Object, 'kernel.view', Object)
call_user_func(Array, Object, 'kernel.view', Object) (Line: 142)
Drupal\Component\EventDispatcher\ContainerAwareEventDispatcher->dispatch(Object, 'kernel.view') (Line: 174)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handleRaw(Object, 1) (Line: 81)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 58)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\Session->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\KernelPreHandle->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 191)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->fetch(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 128)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->lookup(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 82)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\ReverseProxyMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 51)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\NegotiationMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 23)
Stack\StackedHttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 713)
Drupal\Core\DrupalKernel->handle(Object) (Line: 19)

Drupal\Core\Database\Query\Select->addMetaData('entity_type', 'file') (Line: 115)
Drupal\Core\Entity\Query\Sql\Query->prepare() (Line: 80)
Drupal\Core\Entity\Query\Sql\Query->execute() (Line: 640)
Drupal\Core\Entity\EntityStorageBase->loadByProperties(Array) (Line: 63)
Drupal\Core\Entity\EntityRepository->loadEntityByUuid('file', 'insert-max_800_px-f03717d4-b860-4321-a68a-77c6481e320a') (Line: 124)
Drupal\editor\Plugin\Filter\EditorFileReference->process('En la tabla de clientes:
<a class="colorbox insert-colorbox" data-colorbox-gallery="gallery-node" data-insert-class="" data-insert-type="image" href="/sites/default/files/2023-01/tutorial_dax_img_0419.png"></a>

la clave (el campo “<em>Customer</em>”) identifica de forma unívoca a cada cliente. Es decir, basta con saber el valor de la clave para identificar sin duda alguna a qué fila nos referimos. Otra forma de expresar esta idea es decir que en el campo “<em>Customer</em>” de esta tabla no hay ningún valor repetido (pues, si lo hubiera, ya no podríamos identificar de forma unívoca a un cliente). Este tipo de claves se denominan <strong>claves primarias</strong> o <strong>claves principales</strong>.

Una clave primaria puede estar formada por una única columna o por varias columnas. En Power BI, en todo caso, la clave (si existe) tiene que estar contenida en una única columna.

En la tabla de ventas:
<a class="colorbox insert-colorbox" data-colorbox-gallery="gallery-node" data-insert-class="" data-insert-type="image" href="/sites/default/files/2023-01/tutorial_dax_img_0012.png"></a>

la clave de la relación que estamos analizando (el campo “<em>Customer</em>”) no identifica de forma unívoca a cada venta. Solo sirve para indicar el cliente asociado a cada venta. Esto supone que, en esta clave, puede haber valores repetidos (Juan puede haber realizado 15 compras y, por lo tanto, aparecer 15 veces en esta columna). Estas claves se denominan <strong>claves externas</strong> o <strong>claves foráneas</strong>.

Por supuesto, la tabla de ventas podría tener, adicionalmente, su propia clave primaria (lo que no es el caso pues, en esta tabla, no hay ningún campo que permita identificar una fila de forma unívoca).
 
', 'es') (Line: 118)
Drupal\filter\Element\ProcessedText::preRenderText(Array)
call_user_func_array(Array, Array) (Line: 101)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback(Array, Array, 'Render #pre_render callbacks must be methods of a class that implements \Drupal\Core\Security\TrustedCallbackInterface or be an anonymous function. The callback was %s. See https://www.drupal.org/node/2966725', 'exception', 'Drupal\Core\Render\Element\RenderCallbackInterface') (Line: 788)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback('#pre_render', Array, Array) (Line: 374)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 479)
Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter(Object, Array, 'html', NULL, 1) (Line: 88)
__TwigTemplate_a7d6005c89ae729617b9a0c2bccb1776->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array, Array) (Line: 46)
__TwigTemplate_804f7948456cfe20e11a34c43439c7c2->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array, Array) (Line: 43)
__TwigTemplate_bd990293b89f3b78c69fe0ee2f7828b5->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array) (Line: 390)
Twig\Template->render(Array) (Line: 55)
twig_render_template('themes/contrib/classy/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig', Array) (Line: 384)
Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render('field', Array) (Line: 433)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array) (Line: 446)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 479)
Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter(Object, Array, 'html', NULL, 1) (Line: 74)
__TwigTemplate_94047fbdba6937b76a4479dfa1763452->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array) (Line: 390)
Twig\Template->render(Array) (Line: 55)
twig_render_template('themes/custom/yg_aesthetic/templates/node.html.twig', Array) (Line: 384)
Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render('node', Array) (Line: 433)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array, ) (Line: 242)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\{closure}() (Line: 580)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->executeInRenderContext(Object, Object) (Line: 235)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->prepare(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 132)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->renderResponse(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 90)
Drupal\Core\EventSubscriber\MainContentViewSubscriber->onViewRenderArray(Object, 'kernel.view', Object)
call_user_func(Array, Object, 'kernel.view', Object) (Line: 142)
Drupal\Component\EventDispatcher\ContainerAwareEventDispatcher->dispatch(Object, 'kernel.view') (Line: 174)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handleRaw(Object, 1) (Line: 81)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 58)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\Session->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\KernelPreHandle->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 191)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->fetch(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 128)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->lookup(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 82)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\ReverseProxyMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 51)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\NegotiationMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 23)
Stack\StackedHttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 713)
Drupal\Core\DrupalKernel->handle(Object) (Line: 19)

Drupal\Core\Database\Query\Select->addTag('entity_query') (Line: 147)
Drupal\Core\Entity\Query\Sql\Query->prepare() (Line: 80)
Drupal\Core\Entity\Query\Sql\Query->execute() (Line: 640)
Drupal\Core\Entity\EntityStorageBase->loadByProperties(Array) (Line: 63)
Drupal\Core\Entity\EntityRepository->loadEntityByUuid('file', 'insert-max_800_px-f03717d4-b860-4321-a68a-77c6481e320a') (Line: 124)
Drupal\editor\Plugin\Filter\EditorFileReference->process('En la tabla de clientes:
<a class="colorbox insert-colorbox" data-colorbox-gallery="gallery-node" data-insert-class="" data-insert-type="image" href="/sites/default/files/2023-01/tutorial_dax_img_0419.png"></a>

la clave (el campo “<em>Customer</em>”) identifica de forma unívoca a cada cliente. Es decir, basta con saber el valor de la clave para identificar sin duda alguna a qué fila nos referimos. Otra forma de expresar esta idea es decir que en el campo “<em>Customer</em>” de esta tabla no hay ningún valor repetido (pues, si lo hubiera, ya no podríamos identificar de forma unívoca a un cliente). Este tipo de claves se denominan <strong>claves primarias</strong> o <strong>claves principales</strong>.

Una clave primaria puede estar formada por una única columna o por varias columnas. En Power BI, en todo caso, la clave (si existe) tiene que estar contenida en una única columna.

En la tabla de ventas:
<a class="colorbox insert-colorbox" data-colorbox-gallery="gallery-node" data-insert-class="" data-insert-type="image" href="/sites/default/files/2023-01/tutorial_dax_img_0012.png"></a>

la clave de la relación que estamos analizando (el campo “<em>Customer</em>”) no identifica de forma unívoca a cada venta. Solo sirve para indicar el cliente asociado a cada venta. Esto supone que, en esta clave, puede haber valores repetidos (Juan puede haber realizado 15 compras y, por lo tanto, aparecer 15 veces en esta columna). Estas claves se denominan <strong>claves externas</strong> o <strong>claves foráneas</strong>.

Por supuesto, la tabla de ventas podría tener, adicionalmente, su propia clave primaria (lo que no es el caso pues, en esta tabla, no hay ningún campo que permita identificar una fila de forma unívoca).
 
', 'es') (Line: 118)
Drupal\filter\Element\ProcessedText::preRenderText(Array)
call_user_func_array(Array, Array) (Line: 101)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback(Array, Array, 'Render #pre_render callbacks must be methods of a class that implements \Drupal\Core\Security\TrustedCallbackInterface or be an anonymous function. The callback was %s. See https://www.drupal.org/node/2966725', 'exception', 'Drupal\Core\Render\Element\RenderCallbackInterface') (Line: 788)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback('#pre_render', Array, Array) (Line: 374)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 479)
Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter(Object, Array, 'html', NULL, 1) (Line: 88)
__TwigTemplate_a7d6005c89ae729617b9a0c2bccb1776->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array, Array) (Line: 46)
__TwigTemplate_804f7948456cfe20e11a34c43439c7c2->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array, Array) (Line: 43)
__TwigTemplate_bd990293b89f3b78c69fe0ee2f7828b5->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array) (Line: 390)
Twig\Template->render(Array) (Line: 55)
twig_render_template('themes/contrib/classy/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig', Array) (Line: 384)
Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render('field', Array) (Line: 433)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array) (Line: 446)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 479)
Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter(Object, Array, 'html', NULL, 1) (Line: 74)
__TwigTemplate_94047fbdba6937b76a4479dfa1763452->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array) (Line: 390)
Twig\Template->render(Array) (Line: 55)
twig_render_template('themes/custom/yg_aesthetic/templates/node.html.twig', Array) (Line: 384)
Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render('node', Array) (Line: 433)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array, ) (Line: 242)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\{closure}() (Line: 580)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->executeInRenderContext(Object, Object) (Line: 235)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->prepare(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 132)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->renderResponse(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 90)
Drupal\Core\EventSubscriber\MainContentViewSubscriber->onViewRenderArray(Object, 'kernel.view', Object)
call_user_func(Array, Object, 'kernel.view', Object) (Line: 142)
Drupal\Component\EventDispatcher\ContainerAwareEventDispatcher->dispatch(Object, 'kernel.view') (Line: 174)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handleRaw(Object, 1) (Line: 81)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 58)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\Session->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\KernelPreHandle->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 191)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->fetch(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 128)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->lookup(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 82)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\ReverseProxyMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 51)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\NegotiationMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 23)
Stack\StackedHttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 713)
Drupal\Core\DrupalKernel->handle(Object) (Line: 19)

Drupal\Core\Database\Query\Select->addMetaData('entity_type', 'file') (Line: 115)
Drupal\Core\Entity\Query\Sql\Query->prepare() (Line: 80)
Drupal\Core\Entity\Query\Sql\Query->execute() (Line: 640)
Drupal\Core\Entity\EntityStorageBase->loadByProperties(Array) (Line: 63)
Drupal\Core\Entity\EntityRepository->loadEntityByUuid('file', 'insert-max_800_px-7fa652fa-14b9-4a2c-87b4-8251af64f2e6') (Line: 95)
Drupal\editor\Plugin\Filter\EditorFileReference->process('En la tabla de clientes:
<a class="colorbox insert-colorbox" data-colorbox-gallery="gallery-node" data-insert-class="" data-insert-type="image" href="/sites/default/files/2023-01/tutorial_dax_img_0419.png"></a>

la clave (el campo “<em>Customer</em>”) identifica de forma unívoca a cada cliente. Es decir, basta con saber el valor de la clave para identificar sin duda alguna a qué fila nos referimos. Otra forma de expresar esta idea es decir que en el campo “<em>Customer</em>” de esta tabla no hay ningún valor repetido (pues, si lo hubiera, ya no podríamos identificar de forma unívoca a un cliente). Este tipo de claves se denominan <strong>claves primarias</strong> o <strong>claves principales</strong>.

Una clave primaria puede estar formada por una única columna o por varias columnas. En Power BI, en todo caso, la clave (si existe) tiene que estar contenida en una única columna.

En la tabla de ventas:
<a class="colorbox insert-colorbox" data-colorbox-gallery="gallery-node" data-insert-class="" data-insert-type="image" href="/sites/default/files/2023-01/tutorial_dax_img_0012.png"></a>

la clave de la relación que estamos analizando (el campo “<em>Customer</em>”) no identifica de forma unívoca a cada venta. Solo sirve para indicar el cliente asociado a cada venta. Esto supone que, en esta clave, puede haber valores repetidos (Juan puede haber realizado 15 compras y, por lo tanto, aparecer 15 veces en esta columna). Estas claves se denominan <strong>claves externas</strong> o <strong>claves foráneas</strong>.

Por supuesto, la tabla de ventas podría tener, adicionalmente, su propia clave primaria (lo que no es el caso pues, en esta tabla, no hay ningún campo que permita identificar una fila de forma unívoca).
 
', 'es') (Line: 118)
Drupal\filter\Element\ProcessedText::preRenderText(Array)
call_user_func_array(Array, Array) (Line: 101)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback(Array, Array, 'Render #pre_render callbacks must be methods of a class that implements \Drupal\Core\Security\TrustedCallbackInterface or be an anonymous function. The callback was %s. See https://www.drupal.org/node/2966725', 'exception', 'Drupal\Core\Render\Element\RenderCallbackInterface') (Line: 788)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback('#pre_render', Array, Array) (Line: 374)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 479)
Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter(Object, Array, 'html', NULL, 1) (Line: 88)
__TwigTemplate_a7d6005c89ae729617b9a0c2bccb1776->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array, Array) (Line: 46)
__TwigTemplate_804f7948456cfe20e11a34c43439c7c2->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array, Array) (Line: 43)
__TwigTemplate_bd990293b89f3b78c69fe0ee2f7828b5->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array) (Line: 390)
Twig\Template->render(Array) (Line: 55)
twig_render_template('themes/contrib/classy/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig', Array) (Line: 384)
Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render('field', Array) (Line: 433)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array) (Line: 446)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 479)
Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter(Object, Array, 'html', NULL, 1) (Line: 74)
__TwigTemplate_94047fbdba6937b76a4479dfa1763452->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array) (Line: 390)
Twig\Template->render(Array) (Line: 55)
twig_render_template('themes/custom/yg_aesthetic/templates/node.html.twig', Array) (Line: 384)
Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render('node', Array) (Line: 433)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array, ) (Line: 242)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\{closure}() (Line: 580)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->executeInRenderContext(Object, Object) (Line: 235)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->prepare(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 132)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->renderResponse(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 90)
Drupal\Core\EventSubscriber\MainContentViewSubscriber->onViewRenderArray(Object, 'kernel.view', Object)
call_user_func(Array, Object, 'kernel.view', Object) (Line: 142)
Drupal\Component\EventDispatcher\ContainerAwareEventDispatcher->dispatch(Object, 'kernel.view') (Line: 174)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handleRaw(Object, 1) (Line: 81)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 58)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\Session->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\KernelPreHandle->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 191)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->fetch(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 128)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->lookup(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 82)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\ReverseProxyMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 51)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\NegotiationMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 23)
Stack\StackedHttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 713)
Drupal\Core\DrupalKernel->handle(Object) (Line: 19)

Drupal\Core\Database\Query\Select->addTag('entity_query') (Line: 147)
Drupal\Core\Entity\Query\Sql\Query->prepare() (Line: 80)
Drupal\Core\Entity\Query\Sql\Query->execute() (Line: 640)
Drupal\Core\Entity\EntityStorageBase->loadByProperties(Array) (Line: 63)
Drupal\Core\Entity\EntityRepository->loadEntityByUuid('file', 'insert-max_800_px-7fa652fa-14b9-4a2c-87b4-8251af64f2e6') (Line: 95)
Drupal\editor\Plugin\Filter\EditorFileReference->process('En la tabla de clientes:
<a class="colorbox insert-colorbox" data-colorbox-gallery="gallery-node" data-insert-class="" data-insert-type="image" href="/sites/default/files/2023-01/tutorial_dax_img_0419.png"></a>

la clave (el campo “<em>Customer</em>”) identifica de forma unívoca a cada cliente. Es decir, basta con saber el valor de la clave para identificar sin duda alguna a qué fila nos referimos. Otra forma de expresar esta idea es decir que en el campo “<em>Customer</em>” de esta tabla no hay ningún valor repetido (pues, si lo hubiera, ya no podríamos identificar de forma unívoca a un cliente). Este tipo de claves se denominan <strong>claves primarias</strong> o <strong>claves principales</strong>.

Una clave primaria puede estar formada por una única columna o por varias columnas. En Power BI, en todo caso, la clave (si existe) tiene que estar contenida en una única columna.

En la tabla de ventas:
<a class="colorbox insert-colorbox" data-colorbox-gallery="gallery-node" data-insert-class="" data-insert-type="image" href="/sites/default/files/2023-01/tutorial_dax_img_0012.png"></a>

la clave de la relación que estamos analizando (el campo “<em>Customer</em>”) no identifica de forma unívoca a cada venta. Solo sirve para indicar el cliente asociado a cada venta. Esto supone que, en esta clave, puede haber valores repetidos (Juan puede haber realizado 15 compras y, por lo tanto, aparecer 15 veces en esta columna). Estas claves se denominan <strong>claves externas</strong> o <strong>claves foráneas</strong>.

Por supuesto, la tabla de ventas podría tener, adicionalmente, su propia clave primaria (lo que no es el caso pues, en esta tabla, no hay ningún campo que permita identificar una fila de forma unívoca).
 
', 'es') (Line: 118)
Drupal\filter\Element\ProcessedText::preRenderText(Array)
call_user_func_array(Array, Array) (Line: 101)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback(Array, Array, 'Render #pre_render callbacks must be methods of a class that implements \Drupal\Core\Security\TrustedCallbackInterface or be an anonymous function. The callback was %s. See https://www.drupal.org/node/2966725', 'exception', 'Drupal\Core\Render\Element\RenderCallbackInterface') (Line: 788)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback('#pre_render', Array, Array) (Line: 374)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 479)
Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter(Object, Array, 'html', NULL, 1) (Line: 88)
__TwigTemplate_a7d6005c89ae729617b9a0c2bccb1776->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array, Array) (Line: 46)
__TwigTemplate_804f7948456cfe20e11a34c43439c7c2->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array, Array) (Line: 43)
__TwigTemplate_bd990293b89f3b78c69fe0ee2f7828b5->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array) (Line: 390)
Twig\Template->render(Array) (Line: 55)
twig_render_template('themes/contrib/classy/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig', Array) (Line: 384)
Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render('field', Array) (Line: 433)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array) (Line: 446)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 479)
Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter(Object, Array, 'html', NULL, 1) (Line: 74)
__TwigTemplate_94047fbdba6937b76a4479dfa1763452->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array) (Line: 390)
Twig\Template->render(Array) (Line: 55)
twig_render_template('themes/custom/yg_aesthetic/templates/node.html.twig', Array) (Line: 384)
Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render('node', Array) (Line: 433)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array, ) (Line: 242)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\{closure}() (Line: 580)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->executeInRenderContext(Object, Object) (Line: 235)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->prepare(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 132)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->renderResponse(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 90)
Drupal\Core\EventSubscriber\MainContentViewSubscriber->onViewRenderArray(Object, 'kernel.view', Object)
call_user_func(Array, Object, 'kernel.view', Object) (Line: 142)
Drupal\Component\EventDispatcher\ContainerAwareEventDispatcher->dispatch(Object, 'kernel.view') (Line: 174)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handleRaw(Object, 1) (Line: 81)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 58)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\Session->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\KernelPreHandle->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 191)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->fetch(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 128)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->lookup(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 82)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\ReverseProxyMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 51)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\NegotiationMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 23)
Stack\StackedHttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 713)
Drupal\Core\DrupalKernel->handle(Object) (Line: 19)

Drupal\Core\Database\Query\Select->addMetaData('entity_type', 'file') (Line: 115)
Drupal\Core\Entity\Query\Sql\Query->prepare() (Line: 80)
Drupal\Core\Entity\Query\Sql\Query->execute() (Line: 640)
Drupal\Core\Entity\EntityStorageBase->loadByProperties(Array) (Line: 63)
Drupal\Core\Entity\EntityRepository->loadEntityByUuid('file', 'insert-max_800_px-7fa652fa-14b9-4a2c-87b4-8251af64f2e6') (Line: 124)
Drupal\editor\Plugin\Filter\EditorFileReference->process('En la tabla de clientes:
<a class="colorbox insert-colorbox" data-colorbox-gallery="gallery-node" data-insert-class="" data-insert-type="image" href="/sites/default/files/2023-01/tutorial_dax_img_0419.png"></a>

la clave (el campo “<em>Customer</em>”) identifica de forma unívoca a cada cliente. Es decir, basta con saber el valor de la clave para identificar sin duda alguna a qué fila nos referimos. Otra forma de expresar esta idea es decir que en el campo “<em>Customer</em>” de esta tabla no hay ningún valor repetido (pues, si lo hubiera, ya no podríamos identificar de forma unívoca a un cliente). Este tipo de claves se denominan <strong>claves primarias</strong> o <strong>claves principales</strong>.

Una clave primaria puede estar formada por una única columna o por varias columnas. En Power BI, en todo caso, la clave (si existe) tiene que estar contenida en una única columna.

En la tabla de ventas:
<a class="colorbox insert-colorbox" data-colorbox-gallery="gallery-node" data-insert-class="" data-insert-type="image" href="/sites/default/files/2023-01/tutorial_dax_img_0012.png"></a>

la clave de la relación que estamos analizando (el campo “<em>Customer</em>”) no identifica de forma unívoca a cada venta. Solo sirve para indicar el cliente asociado a cada venta. Esto supone que, en esta clave, puede haber valores repetidos (Juan puede haber realizado 15 compras y, por lo tanto, aparecer 15 veces en esta columna). Estas claves se denominan <strong>claves externas</strong> o <strong>claves foráneas</strong>.

Por supuesto, la tabla de ventas podría tener, adicionalmente, su propia clave primaria (lo que no es el caso pues, en esta tabla, no hay ningún campo que permita identificar una fila de forma unívoca).
 
', 'es') (Line: 118)
Drupal\filter\Element\ProcessedText::preRenderText(Array)
call_user_func_array(Array, Array) (Line: 101)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback(Array, Array, 'Render #pre_render callbacks must be methods of a class that implements \Drupal\Core\Security\TrustedCallbackInterface or be an anonymous function. The callback was %s. See https://www.drupal.org/node/2966725', 'exception', 'Drupal\Core\Render\Element\RenderCallbackInterface') (Line: 788)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback('#pre_render', Array, Array) (Line: 374)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 479)
Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter(Object, Array, 'html', NULL, 1) (Line: 88)
__TwigTemplate_a7d6005c89ae729617b9a0c2bccb1776->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array, Array) (Line: 46)
__TwigTemplate_804f7948456cfe20e11a34c43439c7c2->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array, Array) (Line: 43)
__TwigTemplate_bd990293b89f3b78c69fe0ee2f7828b5->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array) (Line: 390)
Twig\Template->render(Array) (Line: 55)
twig_render_template('themes/contrib/classy/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig', Array) (Line: 384)
Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render('field', Array) (Line: 433)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array) (Line: 446)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 479)
Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter(Object, Array, 'html', NULL, 1) (Line: 74)
__TwigTemplate_94047fbdba6937b76a4479dfa1763452->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array) (Line: 390)
Twig\Template->render(Array) (Line: 55)
twig_render_template('themes/custom/yg_aesthetic/templates/node.html.twig', Array) (Line: 384)
Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render('node', Array) (Line: 433)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array, ) (Line: 242)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\{closure}() (Line: 580)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->executeInRenderContext(Object, Object) (Line: 235)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->prepare(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 132)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->renderResponse(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 90)
Drupal\Core\EventSubscriber\MainContentViewSubscriber->onViewRenderArray(Object, 'kernel.view', Object)
call_user_func(Array, Object, 'kernel.view', Object) (Line: 142)
Drupal\Component\EventDispatcher\ContainerAwareEventDispatcher->dispatch(Object, 'kernel.view') (Line: 174)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handleRaw(Object, 1) (Line: 81)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 58)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\Session->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\KernelPreHandle->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 191)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->fetch(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 128)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->lookup(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 82)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\ReverseProxyMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 51)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\NegotiationMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 23)
Stack\StackedHttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 713)
Drupal\Core\DrupalKernel->handle(Object) (Line: 19)

Drupal\Core\Database\Query\Select->addTag('entity_query') (Line: 147)
Drupal\Core\Entity\Query\Sql\Query->prepare() (Line: 80)
Drupal\Core\Entity\Query\Sql\Query->execute() (Line: 640)
Drupal\Core\Entity\EntityStorageBase->loadByProperties(Array) (Line: 63)
Drupal\Core\Entity\EntityRepository->loadEntityByUuid('file', 'insert-max_800_px-7fa652fa-14b9-4a2c-87b4-8251af64f2e6') (Line: 124)
Drupal\editor\Plugin\Filter\EditorFileReference->process('En la tabla de clientes:
<a class="colorbox insert-colorbox" data-colorbox-gallery="gallery-node" data-insert-class="" data-insert-type="image" href="/sites/default/files/2023-01/tutorial_dax_img_0419.png"></a>

la clave (el campo “<em>Customer</em>”) identifica de forma unívoca a cada cliente. Es decir, basta con saber el valor de la clave para identificar sin duda alguna a qué fila nos referimos. Otra forma de expresar esta idea es decir que en el campo “<em>Customer</em>” de esta tabla no hay ningún valor repetido (pues, si lo hubiera, ya no podríamos identificar de forma unívoca a un cliente). Este tipo de claves se denominan <strong>claves primarias</strong> o <strong>claves principales</strong>.

Una clave primaria puede estar formada por una única columna o por varias columnas. En Power BI, en todo caso, la clave (si existe) tiene que estar contenida en una única columna.

En la tabla de ventas:
<a class="colorbox insert-colorbox" data-colorbox-gallery="gallery-node" data-insert-class="" data-insert-type="image" href="/sites/default/files/2023-01/tutorial_dax_img_0012.png"></a>

la clave de la relación que estamos analizando (el campo “<em>Customer</em>”) no identifica de forma unívoca a cada venta. Solo sirve para indicar el cliente asociado a cada venta. Esto supone que, en esta clave, puede haber valores repetidos (Juan puede haber realizado 15 compras y, por lo tanto, aparecer 15 veces en esta columna). Estas claves se denominan <strong>claves externas</strong> o <strong>claves foráneas</strong>.

Por supuesto, la tabla de ventas podría tener, adicionalmente, su propia clave primaria (lo que no es el caso pues, en esta tabla, no hay ningún campo que permita identificar una fila de forma unívoca).
 
', 'es') (Line: 118)
Drupal\filter\Element\ProcessedText::preRenderText(Array)
call_user_func_array(Array, Array) (Line: 101)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback(Array, Array, 'Render #pre_render callbacks must be methods of a class that implements \Drupal\Core\Security\TrustedCallbackInterface or be an anonymous function. The callback was %s. See https://www.drupal.org/node/2966725', 'exception', 'Drupal\Core\Render\Element\RenderCallbackInterface') (Line: 788)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback('#pre_render', Array, Array) (Line: 374)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 479)
Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter(Object, Array, 'html', NULL, 1) (Line: 88)
__TwigTemplate_a7d6005c89ae729617b9a0c2bccb1776->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array, Array) (Line: 46)
__TwigTemplate_804f7948456cfe20e11a34c43439c7c2->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array, Array) (Line: 43)
__TwigTemplate_bd990293b89f3b78c69fe0ee2f7828b5->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array) (Line: 390)
Twig\Template->render(Array) (Line: 55)
twig_render_template('themes/contrib/classy/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig', Array) (Line: 384)
Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render('field', Array) (Line: 433)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array) (Line: 446)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 479)
Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter(Object, Array, 'html', NULL, 1) (Line: 74)
__TwigTemplate_94047fbdba6937b76a4479dfa1763452->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array) (Line: 390)
Twig\Template->render(Array) (Line: 55)
twig_render_template('themes/custom/yg_aesthetic/templates/node.html.twig', Array) (Line: 384)
Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render('node', Array) (Line: 433)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array, ) (Line: 242)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\{closure}() (Line: 580)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->executeInRenderContext(Object, Object) (Line: 235)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->prepare(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 132)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->renderResponse(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 90)
Drupal\Core\EventSubscriber\MainContentViewSubscriber->onViewRenderArray(Object, 'kernel.view', Object)
call_user_func(Array, Object, 'kernel.view', Object) (Line: 142)
Drupal\Component\EventDispatcher\ContainerAwareEventDispatcher->dispatch(Object, 'kernel.view') (Line: 174)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handleRaw(Object, 1) (Line: 81)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 58)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\Session->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\KernelPreHandle->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 191)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->fetch(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 128)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->lookup(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 82)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\ReverseProxyMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 51)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\NegotiationMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 23)
Stack\StackedHttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 713)
Drupal\Core\DrupalKernel->handle(Object) (Line: 19)

Drupal\Core\Database\Query\Select->addTag('node_access') (Line: 51)
Drupal\book\BookOutlineStorage->loadMultiple(Array) (Line: 1021)
Drupal\book\BookManager->bookTreeCheckAccess(Array, Array) (Line: 701)
Drupal\book\BookManager->bookTreeBuild('3096', Array) (Line: 567)
Drupal\book\BookManager->bookTreeAllData('3096', Array, 5) (Line: 792)
Drupal\book\BookManager->bookTreeGetFlat(Array) (Line: 109)
Drupal\book\BookOutline->childrenLinks(Array) (Line: 403)
template_preprocess_book_navigation(Array, 'book_navigation', Array)
call_user_func_array('template_preprocess_book_navigation', Array) (Line: 287)
Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render('book_navigation', Array) (Line: 433)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array) (Line: 446)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 479)
Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter(Object, Array, 'html', NULL, 1) (Line: 74)
__TwigTemplate_94047fbdba6937b76a4479dfa1763452->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array) (Line: 390)
Twig\Template->render(Array) (Line: 55)
twig_render_template('themes/custom/yg_aesthetic/templates/node.html.twig', Array) (Line: 384)
Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render('node', Array) (Line: 433)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array, ) (Line: 242)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\{closure}() (Line: 580)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->executeInRenderContext(Object, Object) (Line: 235)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->prepare(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 132)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->renderResponse(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 90)
Drupal\Core\EventSubscriber\MainContentViewSubscriber->onViewRenderArray(Object, 'kernel.view', Object)
call_user_func(Array, Object, 'kernel.view', Object) (Line: 142)
Drupal\Component\EventDispatcher\ContainerAwareEventDispatcher->dispatch(Object, 'kernel.view') (Line: 174)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handleRaw(Object, 1) (Line: 81)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 58)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\Session->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\KernelPreHandle->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 191)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->fetch(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 128)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->lookup(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 82)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\ReverseProxyMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 51)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\NegotiationMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 23)
Stack\StackedHttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 713)
Drupal\Core\DrupalKernel->handle(Object) (Line: 19)

Drupal\Core\Database\Query\Select->addMetaData('base_table', 'book') (Line: 52)
Drupal\book\BookOutlineStorage->loadMultiple(Array) (Line: 1021)
Drupal\book\BookManager->bookTreeCheckAccess(Array, Array) (Line: 701)
Drupal\book\BookManager->bookTreeBuild('3096', Array) (Line: 567)
Drupal\book\BookManager->bookTreeAllData('3096', Array, 5) (Line: 792)
Drupal\book\BookManager->bookTreeGetFlat(Array) (Line: 109)
Drupal\book\BookOutline->childrenLinks(Array) (Line: 403)
template_preprocess_book_navigation(Array, 'book_navigation', Array)
call_user_func_array('template_preprocess_book_navigation', Array) (Line: 287)
Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render('book_navigation', Array) (Line: 433)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array) (Line: 446)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 479)
Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter(Object, Array, 'html', NULL, 1) (Line: 74)
__TwigTemplate_94047fbdba6937b76a4479dfa1763452->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array) (Line: 390)
Twig\Template->render(Array) (Line: 55)
twig_render_template('themes/custom/yg_aesthetic/templates/node.html.twig', Array) (Line: 384)
Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render('node', Array) (Line: 433)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array, ) (Line: 242)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\{closure}() (Line: 580)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->executeInRenderContext(Object, Object) (Line: 235)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->prepare(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 132)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->renderResponse(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 90)
Drupal\Core\EventSubscriber\MainContentViewSubscriber->onViewRenderArray(Object, 'kernel.view', Object)
call_user_func(Array, Object, 'kernel.view', Object) (Line: 142)
Drupal\Component\EventDispatcher\ContainerAwareEventDispatcher->dispatch(Object, 'kernel.view') (Line: 174)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handleRaw(Object, 1) (Line: 81)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 58)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\Session->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\KernelPreHandle->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 191)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->fetch(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 128)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->lookup(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 82)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\ReverseProxyMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 51)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\NegotiationMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 23)
Stack\StackedHttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 713)
Drupal\Core\DrupalKernel->handle(Object) (Line: 19)

Drupal\Core\Database\Query\Select->addTag('node_access') (Line: 51)
Drupal\book\BookOutlineStorage->loadMultiple(Array, 1) (Line: 831)
Drupal\book\BookManager->loadBookLinks(Array, 1) (Line: 823)
Drupal\book\BookManager->loadBookLink('3107') (Line: 419)
template_preprocess_book_navigation(Array, 'book_navigation', Array)
call_user_func_array('template_preprocess_book_navigation', Array) (Line: 287)
Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render('book_navigation', Array) (Line: 433)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array) (Line: 446)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 479)
Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter(Object, Array, 'html', NULL, 1) (Line: 74)
__TwigTemplate_94047fbdba6937b76a4479dfa1763452->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array) (Line: 390)
Twig\Template->render(Array) (Line: 55)
twig_render_template('themes/custom/yg_aesthetic/templates/node.html.twig', Array) (Line: 384)
Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render('node', Array) (Line: 433)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array, ) (Line: 242)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\{closure}() (Line: 580)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->executeInRenderContext(Object, Object) (Line: 235)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->prepare(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 132)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->renderResponse(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 90)
Drupal\Core\EventSubscriber\MainContentViewSubscriber->onViewRenderArray(Object, 'kernel.view', Object)
call_user_func(Array, Object, 'kernel.view', Object) (Line: 142)
Drupal\Component\EventDispatcher\ContainerAwareEventDispatcher->dispatch(Object, 'kernel.view') (Line: 174)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handleRaw(Object, 1) (Line: 81)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 58)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\Session->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\KernelPreHandle->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 191)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->fetch(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 128)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->lookup(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 82)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\ReverseProxyMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 51)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\NegotiationMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 23)
Stack\StackedHttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 713)
Drupal\Core\DrupalKernel->handle(Object) (Line: 19)

Drupal\Core\Database\Query\Select->addMetaData('base_table', 'book') (Line: 52)
Drupal\book\BookOutlineStorage->loadMultiple(Array, 1) (Line: 831)
Drupal\book\BookManager->loadBookLinks(Array, 1) (Line: 823)
Drupal\book\BookManager->loadBookLink('3107') (Line: 419)
template_preprocess_book_navigation(Array, 'book_navigation', Array)
call_user_func_array('template_preprocess_book_navigation', Array) (Line: 287)
Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render('book_navigation', Array) (Line: 433)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array) (Line: 446)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 479)
Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter(Object, Array, 'html', NULL, 1) (Line: 74)
__TwigTemplate_94047fbdba6937b76a4479dfa1763452->doDisplay(Array, Array) (Line: 405)
Twig\Template->displayWithErrorHandling(Array, Array) (Line: 378)
Twig\Template->display(Array) (Line: 390)
Twig\Template->render(Array) (Line: 55)
twig_render_template('themes/custom/yg_aesthetic/templates/node.html.twig', Array) (Line: 384)
Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render('node', Array) (Line: 433)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array, ) (Line: 242)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\{closure}() (Line: 580)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->executeInRenderContext(Object, Object) (Line: 235)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->prepare(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 132)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->renderResponse(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 90)
Drupal\Core\EventSubscriber\MainContentViewSubscriber->onViewRenderArray(Object, 'kernel.view', Object)
call_user_func(Array, Object, 'kernel.view', Object) (Line: 142)
Drupal\Component\EventDispatcher\ContainerAwareEventDispatcher->dispatch(Object, 'kernel.view') (Line: 174)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handleRaw(Object, 1) (Line: 81)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 58)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\Session->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\KernelPreHandle->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 191)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->fetch(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 128)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->lookup(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 82)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\ReverseProxyMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 51)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\NegotiationMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 23)
Stack\StackedHttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 713)
Drupal\Core\DrupalKernel->handle(Object) (Line: 19)

Deprecated function: Return type of Drupal\google_analytics\Component\Render\GoogleAnalyticsJavaScriptSnippet::jsonSerialize() should either be compatible with JsonSerializable::jsonSerialize(): mixed, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in include() (line 10 of modules/contrib/google_analytics/src/Component/Render/GoogleAnalyticsJavaScriptSnippet.php).

include('/var/www/vhosts/interactivechaos.ovh/httpdocs/modules/contrib/google_analytics/src/Component/Render/GoogleAnalyticsJavaScriptSnippet.php') (Line: 578)
Composer\Autoload\ClassLoader::Composer\Autoload\{closure}('/var/www/vhosts/interactivechaos.ovh/httpdocs/modules/contrib/google_analytics/src/Component/Render/GoogleAnalyticsJavaScriptSnippet.php') (Line: 432)
Composer\Autoload\ClassLoader->loadClass('Drupal\google_analytics\Component\Render\GoogleAnalyticsJavaScriptSnippet') (Line: 372)
google_analytics_page_attachments(Array) (Line: 313)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\{closure}(Object, 'google_analytics') (Line: 405)
Drupal\Core\Extension\ModuleHandler->invokeAllWith('page_attachments', Object) (Line: 310)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->invokePageAttachmentHooks(Array) (Line: 288)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->prepare(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 132)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->renderResponse(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 90)
Drupal\Core\EventSubscriber\MainContentViewSubscriber->onViewRenderArray(Object, 'kernel.view', Object)
call_user_func(Array, Object, 'kernel.view', Object) (Line: 142)
Drupal\Component\EventDispatcher\ContainerAwareEventDispatcher->dispatch(Object, 'kernel.view') (Line: 174)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handleRaw(Object, 1) (Line: 81)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 58)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\Session->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\KernelPreHandle->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 191)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->fetch(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 128)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->lookup(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 82)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\ReverseProxyMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 51)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\NegotiationMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 23)
Stack\StackedHttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 713)
Drupal\Core\DrupalKernel->handle(Object) (Line: 19)

Deprecated function: Use of "static" in callables is deprecated in Drupal\user\Entity\Role::postLoad() (line 172 of core/modules/user/src/Entity/Role.php).

Drupal\user\Entity\Role::postLoad(Object, Array) (Line: 423)
Drupal\Core\Entity\EntityStorageBase->postLoad(Array) (Line: 353)
Drupal\Core\Entity\EntityStorageBase->loadMultiple() (Line: 126)
eu_cookie_compliance_page_attachments(Array) (Line: 313)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\{closure}(Object, 'eu_cookie_compliance') (Line: 405)
Drupal\Core\Extension\ModuleHandler->invokeAllWith('page_attachments', Object) (Line: 310)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->invokePageAttachmentHooks(Array) (Line: 288)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->prepare(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 132)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->renderResponse(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 90)
Drupal\Core\EventSubscriber\MainContentViewSubscriber->onViewRenderArray(Object, 'kernel.view', Object)
call_user_func(Array, Object, 'kernel.view', Object) (Line: 142)
Drupal\Component\EventDispatcher\ContainerAwareEventDispatcher->dispatch(Object, 'kernel.view') (Line: 174)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handleRaw(Object, 1) (Line: 81)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 58)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\Session->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\KernelPreHandle->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 191)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->fetch(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 128)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->lookup(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 82)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\ReverseProxyMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 51)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\NegotiationMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 23)
Stack\StackedHttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 713)
Drupal\Core\DrupalKernel->handle(Object) (Line: 19)

Drupal\Core\Database\Query\Select->addMetaData('entity_type', 'node') (Line: 115)
Drupal\Core\Entity\Query\Sql\Query->prepare() (Line: 80)
Drupal\Core\Entity\Query\Sql\Query->execute() (Line: 167)
Drupal\book\Plugin\Block\BookNavigationBlock->build() (Line: 171)
Drupal\block\BlockViewBuilder::preRender(Array)
call_user_func_array(Array, Array) (Line: 101)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback(Array, Array, 'Render #pre_render callbacks must be methods of a class that implements \Drupal\Core\Security\TrustedCallbackInterface or be an anonymous function. The callback was %s. See https://www.drupal.org/node/2966725', 'exception', 'Drupal\Core\Render\Element\RenderCallbackInterface') (Line: 788)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback('#pre_render', Array, Array) (Line: 374)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, 1) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array, 1) (Line: 160)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->Drupal\Core\Render\{closure}() (Line: 580)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->executeInRenderContext(Object, Object) (Line: 159)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->renderPlain(Array) (Line: 175)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->renderPlaceholder('', Array) (Line: 665)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->replacePlaceholders(Array) (Line: 550)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, 1) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array, 1) (Line: 148)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->Drupal\Core\Render\{closure}() (Line: 580)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->executeInRenderContext(Object, Object) (Line: 147)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->renderRoot(Array) (Line: 279)
Drupal\Core\Render\HtmlResponseAttachmentsProcessor->renderPlaceholders(Object) (Line: 71)
Drupal\big_pipe\Render\BigPipeResponseAttachmentsProcessor->processAttachments(Object) (Line: 45)
Drupal\Core\EventSubscriber\HtmlResponseSubscriber->onRespond(Object, 'kernel.response', Object)
call_user_func(Array, Object, 'kernel.response', Object) (Line: 142)
Drupal\Component\EventDispatcher\ContainerAwareEventDispatcher->dispatch(Object, 'kernel.response') (Line: 202)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->filterResponse(Object, Object, 1) (Line: 190)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handleRaw(Object, 1) (Line: 81)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 58)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\Session->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\KernelPreHandle->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 191)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->fetch(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 128)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->lookup(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 82)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\ReverseProxyMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 51)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\NegotiationMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 23)
Stack\StackedHttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 713)
Drupal\Core\DrupalKernel->handle(Object) (Line: 19)

Drupal\Core\Database\Query\Select->addTag('node_access') (Line: 145)
Drupal\Core\Entity\Query\Sql\Query->prepare() (Line: 80)
Drupal\Core\Entity\Query\Sql\Query->execute() (Line: 167)
Drupal\book\Plugin\Block\BookNavigationBlock->build() (Line: 171)
Drupal\block\BlockViewBuilder::preRender(Array)
call_user_func_array(Array, Array) (Line: 101)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback(Array, Array, 'Render #pre_render callbacks must be methods of a class that implements \Drupal\Core\Security\TrustedCallbackInterface or be an anonymous function. The callback was %s. See https://www.drupal.org/node/2966725', 'exception', 'Drupal\Core\Render\Element\RenderCallbackInterface') (Line: 788)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback('#pre_render', Array, Array) (Line: 374)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, 1) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array, 1) (Line: 160)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->Drupal\Core\Render\{closure}() (Line: 580)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->executeInRenderContext(Object, Object) (Line: 159)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->renderPlain(Array) (Line: 175)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->renderPlaceholder('', Array) (Line: 665)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->replacePlaceholders(Array) (Line: 550)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, 1) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array, 1) (Line: 148)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->Drupal\Core\Render\{closure}() (Line: 580)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->executeInRenderContext(Object, Object) (Line: 147)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->renderRoot(Array) (Line: 279)
Drupal\Core\Render\HtmlResponseAttachmentsProcessor->renderPlaceholders(Object) (Line: 71)
Drupal\big_pipe\Render\BigPipeResponseAttachmentsProcessor->processAttachments(Object) (Line: 45)
Drupal\Core\EventSubscriber\HtmlResponseSubscriber->onRespond(Object, 'kernel.response', Object)
call_user_func(Array, Object, 'kernel.response', Object) (Line: 142)
Drupal\Component\EventDispatcher\ContainerAwareEventDispatcher->dispatch(Object, 'kernel.response') (Line: 202)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->filterResponse(Object, Object, 1) (Line: 190)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handleRaw(Object, 1) (Line: 81)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 58)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\Session->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\KernelPreHandle->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 191)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->fetch(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 128)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->lookup(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 82)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\ReverseProxyMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 51)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\NegotiationMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 23)
Stack\StackedHttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 713)
Drupal\Core\DrupalKernel->handle(Object) (Line: 19)

Drupal\Core\Database\Query\Select->addTag('node_access') (Line: 51)
Drupal\book\BookOutlineStorage->loadMultiple(Array) (Line: 1021)
Drupal\book\BookManager->bookTreeCheckAccess(Array, Array) (Line: 701)
Drupal\book\BookManager->bookTreeBuild('3096', Array) (Line: 567)
Drupal\book\BookManager->bookTreeAllData('3096', Array) (Line: 171)
Drupal\book\Plugin\Block\BookNavigationBlock->build() (Line: 171)
Drupal\block\BlockViewBuilder::preRender(Array)
call_user_func_array(Array, Array) (Line: 101)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback(Array, Array, 'Render #pre_render callbacks must be methods of a class that implements \Drupal\Core\Security\TrustedCallbackInterface or be an anonymous function. The callback was %s. See https://www.drupal.org/node/2966725', 'exception', 'Drupal\Core\Render\Element\RenderCallbackInterface') (Line: 788)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback('#pre_render', Array, Array) (Line: 374)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, 1) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array, 1) (Line: 160)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->Drupal\Core\Render\{closure}() (Line: 580)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->executeInRenderContext(Object, Object) (Line: 159)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->renderPlain(Array) (Line: 175)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->renderPlaceholder('', Array) (Line: 665)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->replacePlaceholders(Array) (Line: 550)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, 1) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array, 1) (Line: 148)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->Drupal\Core\Render\{closure}() (Line: 580)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->executeInRenderContext(Object, Object) (Line: 147)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->renderRoot(Array) (Line: 279)
Drupal\Core\Render\HtmlResponseAttachmentsProcessor->renderPlaceholders(Object) (Line: 71)
Drupal\big_pipe\Render\BigPipeResponseAttachmentsProcessor->processAttachments(Object) (Line: 45)
Drupal\Core\EventSubscriber\HtmlResponseSubscriber->onRespond(Object, 'kernel.response', Object)
call_user_func(Array, Object, 'kernel.response', Object) (Line: 142)
Drupal\Component\EventDispatcher\ContainerAwareEventDispatcher->dispatch(Object, 'kernel.response') (Line: 202)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->filterResponse(Object, Object, 1) (Line: 190)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handleRaw(Object, 1) (Line: 81)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 58)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\Session->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\KernelPreHandle->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 191)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->fetch(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 128)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->lookup(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 82)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\ReverseProxyMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 51)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\NegotiationMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 23)
Stack\StackedHttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 713)
Drupal\Core\DrupalKernel->handle(Object) (Line: 19)

Drupal\Core\Database\Query\Select->addMetaData('base_table', 'book') (Line: 52)
Drupal\book\BookOutlineStorage->loadMultiple(Array) (Line: 1021)
Drupal\book\BookManager->bookTreeCheckAccess(Array, Array) (Line: 701)
Drupal\book\BookManager->bookTreeBuild('3096', Array) (Line: 567)
Drupal\book\BookManager->bookTreeAllData('3096', Array) (Line: 171)
Drupal\book\Plugin\Block\BookNavigationBlock->build() (Line: 171)
Drupal\block\BlockViewBuilder::preRender(Array)
call_user_func_array(Array, Array) (Line: 101)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback(Array, Array, 'Render #pre_render callbacks must be methods of a class that implements \Drupal\Core\Security\TrustedCallbackInterface or be an anonymous function. The callback was %s. See https://www.drupal.org/node/2966725', 'exception', 'Drupal\Core\Render\Element\RenderCallbackInterface') (Line: 788)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback('#pre_render', Array, Array) (Line: 374)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, 1) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array, 1) (Line: 160)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->Drupal\Core\Render\{closure}() (Line: 580)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->executeInRenderContext(Object, Object) (Line: 159)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->renderPlain(Array) (Line: 175)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->renderPlaceholder('', Array) (Line: 665)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->replacePlaceholders(Array) (Line: 550)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, 1) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array, 1) (Line: 148)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->Drupal\Core\Render\{closure}() (Line: 580)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->executeInRenderContext(Object, Object) (Line: 147)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->renderRoot(Array) (Line: 279)
Drupal\Core\Render\HtmlResponseAttachmentsProcessor->renderPlaceholders(Object) (Line: 71)
Drupal\big_pipe\Render\BigPipeResponseAttachmentsProcessor->processAttachments(Object) (Line: 45)
Drupal\Core\EventSubscriber\HtmlResponseSubscriber->onRespond(Object, 'kernel.response', Object)
call_user_func(Array, Object, 'kernel.response', Object) (Line: 142)
Drupal\Component\EventDispatcher\ContainerAwareEventDispatcher->dispatch(Object, 'kernel.response') (Line: 202)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->filterResponse(Object, Object, 1) (Line: 190)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handleRaw(Object, 1) (Line: 81)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 58)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\Session->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\KernelPreHandle->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 191)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->fetch(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 128)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->lookup(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 82)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\ReverseProxyMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 51)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\NegotiationMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 23)
Stack\StackedHttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 713)
Drupal\Core\DrupalKernel->handle(Object) (Line: 19)

Claves primarias vs. Claves externas

En la tabla de clientes:

la clave (el campo “Customer”) identifica de forma unívoca a cada cliente. Es decir, basta con saber el valor de la clave para identificar sin duda alguna a qué fila nos referimos. Otra forma de expresar esta idea es decir que en el campo “Customer” de esta tabla no hay ningún valor repetido (pues, si lo hubiera, ya no podríamos identificar de forma unívoca a un cliente). Este tipo de claves se denominan claves primarias o claves principales.

Una clave primaria puede estar formada por una única columna o por varias columnas. En Power BI, en todo caso, la clave (si existe) tiene que estar contenida en una única columna.

En la tabla de ventas:

la clave de la relación que estamos analizando (el campo “Customer”) no identifica de forma unívoca a cada venta. Solo sirve para indicar el cliente asociado a cada venta. Esto supone que, en esta clave, puede haber valores repetidos (Juan puede haber realizado 15 compras y, por lo tanto, aparecer 15 veces en esta columna). Estas claves se denominan claves externas o claves foráneas.

Por supuesto, la tabla de ventas podría tener, adicionalmente, su propia clave primaria (lo que no es el caso pues, en esta tabla, no hay ningún campo que permita identificar una fila de forma unívoca).

Book traversal links for Claves primarias vs. Claves externas

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Claves primarias vs. Claves externas

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